Add simple filter tutorials (backport #226)

[mergify]

Description

Added a tutorial regarding the usage of SimpleFilter for building custom filters in python.
Minor fixes to the Subscriber class interface and __init__.

Relates to #130

Is this user-facing behavior change?

Yes. Better documentation.

Did you use Generative AI?

No, I did not.

Additional Information

---

This is an automatic backport of pull request #226 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of c31a7a9 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/jazzy/pr-226
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/jazzy'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit c31a7a9.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   doc/Tutorials/Approximate-Synchronizer-Python.rst
	modified:   doc/Tutorials/Cache-Cpp.rst
	modified:   doc/Tutorials/Cache-Python.rst
	modified:   doc/Tutorials/Chain-Cpp.rst
	modified:   doc/Tutorials/Chain-Python.rst
	new file:   doc/Tutorials/SimpleFilter-Python.rst
	modified:   doc/tutorials.rst

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   src/message_filters/__init__.py

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

[ahcorde]

Do you mind to take a look @@EsipovPA ?

[EsipovPA]

I think this should resolve the conflicts: #233

[EsipovPA]

Ok. rclpty . 🤦‍♂️

[ahcorde]

CI is still red @EsipovPA

[EsipovPA]

@ahcorde You are right. I think this fix should do the trick as well as for this PR. I've missed that point that MsgT was added after the release of the humble and jazzy.

[ahcorde]

Pulls: #229
Gist: https://gist.githubusercontent.com/ahcorde/43e916352bea4ddc29db1983b2477880/raw/fa1ccf9153957876eca0de250c211f0733f5d4b0/ros2.repos
BUILD args: --packages-above-and-dependencies message_filters
TEST args: --packages-above message_filters
ROS Distro: jazzy
Job: ci_launcher
ci_launcher ran: https://ci.ros2.org/job/ci_launcher/17713

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