Use workspace inheritance feature for common fields

[HCastano]

This is a feature that was added in Rust 1.64.0
and allows us to reduce a bit of duplication that exists across our crates.

We may also want to do this for the examples, but we should sort out #1410 first.

Ah, looks like the Rust version in the CI isn't up to date yet 😆

I've also updated the nightly version used by the dylint step in order to have the workspace inheritance
feature enabled.

[HCastano]

Right now this is failing during the linting step of the example contract build due to an
old nightly which doesn't support workspace inheritance.

I noticed thatcargo-contract builds the dylint driver using the ink! 4.0.0-alpha.3
release, as seen here.

pub fn with_dylint(&mut self) -> Result<&mut Self> {
    let ink_dylint = {
        let mut map = value::Table::new();
        map.insert("git".into(), "https://github.com/paritytech/ink/".into());
        map.insert("tag".into(), "v4.0.0-alpha.3".into());
        map.insert("pattern".into(), "linting/".into());
        value::Value::Table(map)
    };
...

The release is still using an old toolchain file which points to nightly-2022-06-30 which explains
the build failure.

In order to work around this I've patched cargo-contract to instead use the hc-workspace-inheritance
branch (so this PR) which has been updated to use a more recent nightly.

map.insert("branch".into(), "hc-workspace-inheritance".into());

However, when trying to use that patched cargo-contract the example build ends up failing unexpectedly.

❯ cargo clean && RUST_LOG=trace cargo contract build
2022-09-27T21:21:45.578309Z DEBUG cargo_contract::crate_metadata: Fetching cargo metadata for Cargo.toml
2022-09-27T21:21:46.159917Z DEBUG cargo_contract::cmd::build: Contract version: Version { major: 4, minor: 0, patch: 0, pre: Prerelease("alpha.3") }
 [1/6] Checking ink! linting rules
... snip ...
[2022-09-27T21:21:46Z TRACE cargo::sources::git::source] getting packages for package ID `trait-incrementer v4.0.0-alpha.3 (https://github.com/paritytech/ink/?branch=hc-workspace-inheritance#d60a0dc6)` from `GitRemote { url: Url { scheme: "https", cannot_be_a_base: false, username: "", password: None, host: Some(Domain("github.com")), port: None, path: "/paritytech/ink/", query: None, fragment: None } }`
[2022-09-27T21:21:46Z TRACE cargo::sources::path] getting packages; id=trait-incrementer v4.0.0-alpha.3 (https://github.com/paritytech/ink/?branch=hc-workspace-inheritance#d60a0dc6)
[2022-09-27T21:21:46Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] [("RUSTC", None), ("RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN", None)]
[2022-09-27T21:21:46Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] Some("/Users/hcastano/.cargo/git/checkouts/ink-1add513eda8f5a89/d60a0dc/linting")
[2022-09-27T21:21:46Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] "rustup" "show" "active-toolchain"
[2022-09-27T21:21:46Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] [("RUSTC", None), ("RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN", None)]
[2022-09-27T21:21:46Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] Some("/Users/hcastano/.cargo/git/checkouts/ink-1add513eda8f5a89/d60a0dc/linting")
[2022-09-27T21:21:46Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] "cargo" "build" "--release" "--target-dir" "/Users/hcastano/Workspace/ParityTech/ink/examples/contract-terminate/target/ink/dylint/libraries/nightly-2022-08-11-aarch64-apple-darwin"
[2022-09-27T21:21:52Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] [("RUSTC", None), ("RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN", None)]
[2022-09-27T21:21:52Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] Some("/var/folders/g9/_vhwpplx0jv_07rh238bvjw80000gn/T/.tmpmJwSWt")
[2022-09-27T21:21:52Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] "rustup" "which" "rustc"
[2022-09-27T21:21:52Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] [("RUSTC", None), ("RUSTFLAGS", Some("-C link-args=-Wl,-rpath,/Users/hcastano/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-2022-08-11-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib")), ("RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN", None)]
[2022-09-27T21:21:52Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] Some("/var/folders/g9/_vhwpplx0jv_07rh238bvjw80000gn/T/.tmpmJwSWt")
[2022-09-27T21:21:52Z DEBUG dylint_internal::command] "cargo" "build"
Error: command failed: "cargo" "build"
ERROR: `"/Users/hcastano/.rustup/toolchains/stable-aarch64-apple-darwin/bin/cargo" "dylint" "--lib=ink_linting" "--quiet"` failed with exit code: Some(1)

@ascjones, @athei do you guys have any idea about what's going wrong here?

[ascjones]

@HCastano lmk when this is ready for review again