handle more RAPIDS version formats in update-version.sh

[jameslamb]

Contributes to rapidsai/build-planning#13.

Updates update-version.sh to correctly handle RAPIDS dependencies like cudf-cu12==24.2.*.

This project doesn't appear to have any of those right now, but might in the future.

How I tested this

The portability of this updated sed command was tested here: rapidsai/cudf#14825 (comment).

In this repo, I ran the following:

./ci/release/update-version.sh '23.10.00'
git diff

./ci/release/update-version.sh '24.04.00'
git diff

Confirmed that that first git diff changed all the things I expected, and that second one showed 0 changes.

[raydouglass]

/merge