eth2move

EVM to Move static bytecode translator.

This version is significantly outdated, as it relies on old versions of Aptos and ETH!

We are working on updating the project.
Development roadmap:

1. Update dependencies
2. We plan to abandon parsing the Ether bytecode and switch to Yul
3. Implement all control flow instructions
4. Call other contracts with a known address at compile time
5. Move call

e2m

Converts solidity file to binary move code. You can convert from abi + bin files or a sol file

! IMPORTANT
To convert from a sol file, solc must be installed on the computer and accessible from the terminal using the short command solc.\

Install solc

How to install solc, see the documentation

Checking solc

The solc version must be at least 0.8.15

solc --version

! IMPORTANT
If this command is not available for execution from the terminal, e2m will not work.

Install aptos

How to install aptos, see the documentation

Checking aptos

The aptos version must be at least 1.0.0

aptos --version

Download e2m

Download link for the latest version of e2m
Unpack the archive and place the executable file in a place convenient for you. For convenience, create an alias e2m in the system for this file.

! IMPORTANT In all examples, e2m will be called via an alias

! IMPORTANT

Creating an account "default" and "demo" Before running the examples, you will need to create a private key. It will be used both for the module address and for publishing on the node.

Default profile:

aptos init

Demo profile:

aptos init --profile demo

See more: aptos init

Replenishment of the balance in "devnet"

Default profile:

aptos account fund-with-faucet --amount 10000000

Demo profile:

aptos account fund-with-faucet --account demo --amount 10000000 --profile demo

See more: aptos account

See help:

e2m --help

Subcommands

• convert Converting a sol script to move binary code
• call Run a Move function
• resources Command to list resources, modules, or other items owned by an address

Convert

e2m convert --help

Input parameters

• <PATH> Path to the file. Specify the path to sol file or abi | bin
• -o, --output Where to save the converted Move binary file
• --module The name of the move module. If not specified, the name will be taken from the abi path
• -p, --profile Profile name or address. The address must start with "0x". [default: default]
• -a, --args Parameters for initialization
• --native-input Input params of native type
• --native-output Output value of native type
• --u128_io Use u128 instead of u256
• -d, --deploy Deploying the module in aptos node
• --max-gas Maximum amount of gas units to be used to send this transaction

Example

You can find the files from the examples in the ./examples folder

Required parameters

Required parameters are the paths to sol file (<PATH>).
The file can be extensions:

• sol - The file will be compiled using the solc utility. The resulting abi and bin will be translated into ** move binarycode**
• bin - It is expected that there is an abi file with the same name in the same folder. These abi and bin will be translated into move binarycode
• abi - It is expected that there is an bin file with the same name in the same folder. These abi and bin will be translated into move binarycode

The name from the passed solidity library will be used as the filename and the name of the move module.
After executing the command, you will see the path to the created directory (Example: "./NameSolModule/"). The directory will contain the interface for interacting with the module, the abi and the move binarycode file. By default, the directory is saved to the current directory.

examples/a_plus_b.sol

e2m convert examples/a_plus_b.sol

Result:

Saved in the "./APlusB"

Move module address: Address from the "default" profile
Move module name: APlusB

examples/APlusB.abi

e2m convert examples/APlusB.abi

Result:

Saved in "./APlusB.mv"

Move module address: Address from the "default" profile
Move module name: APlusB

examples/APlusB.bin

e2m convert examples/APlusB.bin

Result:

Saved in "./APlusB.mv"

Move module address: Address from the "default" profile
Move module name: APlusB

! Fail: examples/BinNotFound.abi

e2m convert examples/BinNotFound.abi

Result:

Error: Couldn't find bin. Path:"examples/BinNotFound.bin"

! IMPORTANT
A successful broadcast always requires a bin and an abi solidity library

Path to save

The -o, --output parameter is responsible for specifying the location of the directory where the result will be saved.

examples/const_fn.sol

e2m convert examples/const_fn.sol -o ./Test

Result:

Saved in "./Test"

The move binary file will be created in the directory named ./Test/ConstFn.mv
Move module address: Address from the "default" profile
Move module name: ConstFn

examples/APlusB.bin

e2m convert examples/APlusB.bin -o ./AB

Result:

Saved in "./AB"

Move module address: Address from the "default" profile
Move module name: APlusB

Explicit indication of the module name in the received move bytecode

The --module argument is responsible for explicitly specifying the move module name.

examples/APlusB.abi

e2m convert examples/APlusB.abi --module ApB

Result:

Saved in "./ApB"

Move module address: Address from the "default" profile
Move module name: ApB

examples/two_functions.sol

e2m convert examples/two_functions.sol --module TF

Result:

Saved in "./TF"

Move module address: Address from the "default" profile
Move module name: TF

Explicit indication of the module address in the received move bytecode

The argument -p, --profile is responsible for explicitly specifying the address of the transfer module or the name of the profile from which the address will be taken. If the parameter value starts with "0x", then it will be taken as an address, everything else will be considered the profile name.
Profile data will be taken from .aptos/config.yaml

examples/const_fn.sol

e2m convert examples/const_fn.sol -p 0x3

Result:

Saved in "./ConstFn"

Move module address: 0x3
Move module name: ConstFn

examples/two_functions.sol

e2m convert examples/two_functions.sol --profile demo

Result:

Saved in "./TwoFunctions"

Move module address: Address from the "demo" profile
Move module name: TwoFunctions

Combined arguments

 e2m convert examples/const_fn.sol -o ./MyMove --module DemoName --profile 0x3 

Result:

Saved in "./MyMove"

Move module address: 0x3
Move module name: DemoName

Convert and publish the module

In order for the module to be published on the aptos node after conversion, use the -d, --deploy flag.
After successful publication, you will receive complete information in json format about the completed process.

! IMPORTANT
When you try to re-publish the module, you will see the message "DUPLICATE_MODULE_NAME"

examples/two_functions.sol

e2m convert examples/two_functions.sol -d --max-gas 20000 

examples/APlusB.abi

e2m convert examples/APlusB.abi -o ./module --profile demo --deploy --max-gas 20000

Generate an interface project

examples/APlusB.abi

e2m convert examples/a_plus_b.sol \
    -o ./aplusb

A "move" project will be created in the current directory. This interface is necessary for accessing the published module.

Native types. examples/APlusB.abi

By default, the module uses "Ethereum" types for data input and output. --native-input, --native-output - by setting these flags, the functions in the module will use the "move" types as input and output parameters. --u128-io - Use u128 instead of u256

U256

e2m convert examples/a_plus_b.sol \
    --native-input \
    --native-output

U128

e2m convert examples/a_plus_b.sol \
    --native-input \
    --native-output \
    --u128-io

Call.

See help:

e2m call --help

Input parameters

• -f, --function-id Function name as <ADDRESS>::<MODULE_ID>::<FUNCTION_NAME> \

• -a, --args Arguments combined with their type separated by spaces. Supported types
  [u8, u64, u128, bool, hex, string, address, raw]
  Example:
  address:0x1 bool:true u8:0 Example:
  0x02::message::set_message
  default::message::set_message

• --init-args Parameters for initialization. Required if a sol file is specified in the path

• --native-type Use native "move" types for input and output values

• --how Default: node

  node - Call a remote contract on a node

  local - Call a remote contract locally and display the return value

  local-source - Call a local contract with remote resources and display the return value

  vm - Call a local contract and display the return value

• --path Path to converted project or sol file

• -p, --profile Profile name or address. The address must start with "0x". [default: default]

• --max-gas Maximum amount of gas units to be used to send this transaction

Resources.

See help:

e2m resources --help

Input parameters

• --query Type of items to list: [balance, resources, modules, resource, events] [default: resources]

• --decode-types Types for decoding. Used for decoding EVENTS

• -r, --resource-path Query <ADDRESS>::<MODULE_ID>::<FUNCTION_NAME>(::<FIELD_NAME>)?

  Example: Resource: default::ModuleName::StuctureName
  List of Events: default::ModuleName::StuctureName::field_name

• --abi Path to abi for decoding events

• --limit Max number of events to retrieve [default: 10]

• --start Starting sequence number of events [default: 0]

• --url URL to a fullnode on the network

• --connection-timeout-s Connection timeout in seconds, used for the REST endpoint of the fullnode [default: 30]

• --account Address of the account you want to list resources/modules for

• --profile Profile to use from the CLI config This will be used to override associated settings such as the REST URL, the Faucet URL, and the private key arguments.

  Defaults to "default"

  Defaults to https://fullnode.devnet.aptoslabs.com/v1

Example with Native types

Module transformation and publication

This command we will make

• Converting a ./examples/users.sol file to "mv"
• Generate an interface to use in source. The ./examples/i_users_native/ folder will appear in the current directory
• Module will support "move" types
• We will publish the generated module from the "default" profile

e2m convert ./examples/users.sol \
   -o ./examples/i_users_native \
   --module UsersNative \
   -a self \
   --native-input \
   --native-output \
   --max-gas 25000 \
   -d

Publishing a script

Publishing a ./examples/sc_users_native for interacting with the module

Important don't forget to replace the address

aptos move publish \
  --package-dir ./examples/sc_users_native \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --assume-yes

Calling the module constructor.

Calling the module constructor to assign the current account as the owner

aptos move run \
   --function-id default::ScUsersNative::constructor \
   --max-gas 5000 \
   --assume-yes

Or

e2m call \
   --function-id default::ScUsersNative::constructor \
   --max-gas 5000 \
   --native

Adding a "demo" account

aptos move run \
   --function-id default::ScUsersNative::create_user \
   --max-gas 25000 \
   --assume-yes \
   --profile demo

Or

e2m call \
   --function-id default::ScUsersNative::create_user \
   --max-gas 25000 \
   --native \
   --profile demo

ID verification

account "default": id = 1

aptos move run \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::is_id \
  --args u128:1 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --assume-yes

or

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::is_id \
  --args u128:1 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --native

account "demo": id = 2

aptos move run \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::is_id \
  --args u128:2 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --profile demo \
  --assume-yes

Or

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::is_id \
  --args u128:2 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --profile demo \
  --native

Checking whether this account is the owner:

aptos move run \
   --function-id default::ScUsersNative::is_owner \
   --max-gas 10000 \
   --assume-yes

or

e2m call \
   --function-id default::ScUsersNative::is_owner \
   --max-gas 10000
   --native

An error will occur when checking from another account

aptos move run \
   --function-id default::ScUsersNative::is_owner \
   --max-gas 10000 \
   --profile demo \
   --assume-yes

Checking the balance

account "default": 10000000000000000000000000000

aptos move run \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::check_balance \
  --args u128:10000000000000000000000000000 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --assume-yes

Or

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::check_balance \
  --args u128:10000000000000000000000000000 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --native

account "demo": 0

aptos move run \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::is_empty_balance \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --profile demo \
  --assume-yes

or

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::is_empty_balance \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --profile demo \
  --native

Transfer

Sending 200 coins from "default" to "demo"

aptos move run \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::transfer \
  --args address:demo u128:200 \
  --max-gas 25000 \
  --assume-yes

Or

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::transfer \
  --args address:demo u128:200 \
  --max-gas 25000 \
  --native

Checking the transfer

Account default

aptos move run \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::check_balance \
  --args u128:9999999999999999999999999800 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --assume-yes

Or

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::check_balance \
  --args u128:9999999999999999999999999800 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --native

Account demo

aptos move run \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::check_balance \
  --args u128:200 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --profile demo \
  --assume-yes

Or

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersNative::check_balance \
  --args u128:200 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --native \
  --profile demo

Example with Ethereum Type

Module transformation and publication

This command we will make

• Converting a ./examples/users.sol file to "mv"
• Generate an interface to use in source. The ./i_users_ethtypes/ folder will appear in the current directory
• We will publish the generated module from the "default" profile

e2m convert ./examples/users.sol \
   --module UsersEth \
   -o ./examples/i_users_ethtypes \
   -a self \
   --max-gas 30000 \
   -d

Publishing a script

Publishing a ./examples/sc_users_ethtypes for interacting with the module

Important don't forget to replace the address

aptos move publish \
  --package-dir ./examples/sc_users_ethtypes \
  --max-gas 20000 \
  --assume-yes

Calling the module constructor.

Calling the module constructor to assign the current account as the owner

e2m call \
   --function-id default::ScUsersEth::constructor \
   --max-gas 5000

Adding a "demo" account

e2m call \
   --function-id default::ScUsersEth::create_user \
   --max-gas 25000 \
   --profile demo

ID verification

account "default": id = 1

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersEth::is_id \
  --args u128:1 \
  --max-gas 10000

account "demo": id = 2

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersEth::is_id \
  --args u128:2 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --profile demo 

Checking whether this account is the owner:

e2m call \
   --function-id default::ScUsersEth::is_owner \
   --max-gas 10000

An error will occur when checking from another account

e2m call \
   --function-id default::ScUsersEth::is_owner \
   --max-gas 10000 \
   --profile demo

Checking the balance

account "default": 10000000000000000000000000000

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersEth::check_balance \
  --args u128:10000000000000000000000000000 \
  --max-gas 10000

account "demo": 0

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersEth::is_empty_balance \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --profile demo

Transfer

Sending 200 coins from "default" to "demo"

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersEth::transfer \
  --args address:demo u128:200 \
  --max-gas 25000

Checking the transfer

Account default

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersEth::check_balance \
  --args u128:9999999999999999999999999800 \
  --max-gas 10000

Account demo

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ScUsersEth::check_balance \
  --args u128:200 \
  --max-gas 10000 \
  --profile demo

Local call

! IMPORTANT
When starting contacts locally, you cannot access other resources. For this reason, the data may be incorrect or will not work: msg.sender.balance, block.number, block.timestamp, etc.

Call a remote contract locally

--how local - Call a remote contract locally and display the return value

e2m call \
  --function-id default::UsersEth::get_id \
  --path ./examples/i_users_ethtypes \
  --how local

Result:

Uint(1)

Call a local contract with remote resources and display the return value

--how local-source - Call a local contract with remote resources and display the return value

e2m call \
  --function-id default::ConstFn::const_fn_10 \
  --how local-source \
  --path ./examples/const_fn.sol

Result:

Uint(10)

Calling a local contract without loading a remote resource

--how vm Call a local contract and display the return value

e2m call \
  --function-id default::APlusB::plus \
  --how vm \
  --path ./examples/a_plus_b.sol

Result:

Uint(27)

Resource

View resource

e2m resources --query resource \
  --resource-path default::UsersEth::Persist

View the list of events

e2m resources --query events \
  --resource-path default::UsersEth::Persist::events

Decoding the list of events using abi

e2m resources --query events \
  --resource-path default::UsersEth::Persist::events \
  --abi ./examples/i_users_ethtypes/UsersEth.abi

Decoding by the specified types

e2m resources --query events \
  --resource-path default::UsersEth::Persist::events \
  --decode-types data:address,address,u256 topics:bytes