feat: Reinterpret binary data to fixed size numerical array

[itamarst]

Fixes #22126

An updated version on code in #20456, by @balbok0, who did the initial implementation that got this working, so the bulk of the work.

[itamarst]

Before I submit this for review I am going to:

• Review this code myself, address whatever I see.
• Address failing CI tests.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 90.83333% with 11 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 81.42%. Comparing base (727dd4c) to head (8377805).
⚠️ Report is 185 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crates/polars-compute/src/cast/binview_to.rs	87.83%	9 Missing ⚠️
...s/polars-ops/src/chunked_array/binary/namespace.rs	94.44%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #22840      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.57%   81.42%   -0.16%     
==========================================
  Files        1634     1641       +7     
  Lines      221194   222455    +1261     
  Branches     2813     2835      +22     
==========================================
+ Hits       180443   181137     +694     
- Misses      40060    40619     +559     
- Partials      691      699       +8     

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[itamarst]

Back to you @nameexhaustion

[itamarst]

@nameexhaustion done

[nameexhaustion]

It looks good, but let's take some steps to ensure safety.

[itamarst]

@nameexhaustion back to you. Also added a couple of extra tests.

[itamarst]

@nameexhaustion Done.