[Persistence] First Implementation of the StateHash

[Olshansk]

Objective

Implement the first fully functional, tested state hash implementation

Origin Document

Implement the interface and flow agreed on in #251. This replaces the original ticket (#147) whose scope was too large, whose implementation & discussion started in this PR #152 and whose further exploration was done in #237.

Goals

• Translate [Core] Update module interface required for end-to-end StateHash implementation #251 into an implementation
• Make the state hash computation simple, efficient and easy to understand
• Create a foundation to add other objects/elements to the state hash in the future
• Ensure that persistence operations related to committing blocks are atomic

Deliverable

• A PR with the first implementation of the state hash
• Unit tests for verifying the business logic used to implement state hash computation

Non-goals / Non-deliverables

• Modify any module interfaces
• E2E tests for cross-module state hash verification
• Provide the complete implementation of the state hash that will be used in production

General issue deliverables

• Update the appropriate CHANGELOG
• Update any relevant READMEs (local and/or global)
• Update any relevant global documentation & references
• If applicable, update the source code tree explanation
• If applicable, add or update a state, sequence or flowchart diagram using mermaid

Testing Methodology

• Add: Must add a suite of new unit tests
• All tests: make develop_test
• LocalNet: verify a LocalNet is still functioning correctly by following the instructions at docs/development/README.md

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Creator: @Olshansk