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Experimental RuntimeDebug -> Debug substitutions.#3107

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Experimental RuntimeDebug -> Debug substitutions.#3107
hirschenberger wants to merge 3 commits intoparitytech:masterfrom
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@hirschenberger
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@hirschenberger hirschenberger commented Jan 29, 2024

see #3005

My local results are:

╭───┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ 0 │ fast_runtime_binary.rs.compact.compressed.wasm:   NewSize: 1493084 (+1425)     │
│ 1 │ rococo_runtime.compact.compressed.wasm:           NewSize: 1493143 (+793)      │
│ 2 │ westend_runtime.compact.compressed.wasm:          NewSize: 1626913 (+1973)     │
╰───┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

compiled with cargo build --profile=production

EDIT: I removed the kitchensink as it was a relic from previous runs

  • Replace all derives RuntimeDebug and RuntimeDebugNoBound to Debug
  • Remove all use expressions for RuntimeDebug and RuntimeDebugNoBound
  • Deprecate RuntimeDebug and RuntimeDebugNoBound
  • Remove all RuntimeDebug and RuntimeDebugNoBound references on docs and doctests
  • Rerun the before-and-after size comparison of wasm runtimes

@ggwpez
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ggwpez commented Jan 29, 2024

I think we can also deprecate the RuntimeDebug derive macro then or?

@bkchr
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bkchr commented Jan 29, 2024

I think we can also deprecate the RuntimeDebug derive macro then or?

Yes.

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ggwpez commented Feb 8, 2024

@hirschenberger I think we can go ahead with this?
Its also fine if you dont want to do the deprecation, we can do it in another MR.

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@hirschenberger I think we can go ahead with this? Its also fine if you dont want to do the deprecation, we can do it in another MR.

Ok, so I'll continue.

The next steps would be to deprecate RuntimeDebug and fix all resulting deprecation warnings, correct?

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bkchr commented Mar 11, 2024

The next steps would be to deprecate RuntimeDebug and fix all resulting deprecation warnings, correct?

Yes!

@kianenigma kianenigma added the T1-FRAME This PR/Issue is related to core FRAME, the framework. label Mar 21, 2024
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bkchr commented Apr 23, 2024

@hirschenberger are you interested on continue working on this?

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@hirschenberger are you interested on continue working on this?

Yes, just got a new notebook which makes development on that issue much snappier.

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bkchr commented Apr 24, 2024

Ty! I'm quite interesting in this and would be happy to merge this in the near future.

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Ty! I'm quite interesting in this and would be happy to merge this in the near future.

I try to deliver ASAP

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@bkchr What about RuntimeDebugNoBound? Also deprecate and substitute?

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bkchr commented Apr 24, 2024

@bkchr What about RuntimeDebugNoBound? Also deprecate and substitute?

Yes!

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@bkchr Hey Basti, after subsituting all RtDebug und RtDebugNoBound I get a lot of errors like:

error[E0277]: `A` doesn't implement `std::fmt::Debug`
   --> substrate/frame/support/src/traits/tokens/fungible/mod.rs:204:25
    |
204 |     > Consideration<A> for FreezeConsideration<A, F, R, D>
    |                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `A` cannot be formatted using `{:?}` because it doesn't implement `std::fmt::Debug`

So there are many generic type parameters missing a Debug bound. Should I extend these all?

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The CI pipeline was cancelled due to failure one of the required jobs.
Job name: cargo-clippy
Logs: https://gitlab.parity.io/parity/mirrors/polkadot-sdk/-/jobs/6085157

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bkchr commented Apr 29, 2024

RtDebugNoBound

You can not just replace this with Debug, it should be replaced by DebugNoBound to not require bounds for the generic types.

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Still working on this, I tried to build my own refactoring tool using syn and it works ok, but there are some nasty edge-cases.

I also found the nice ast-grep tool which I'm giving a quick try.

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bkchr commented Jul 17, 2024

@hirschenberger ping.

@ggwpez ggwpez mentioned this pull request Sep 10, 2024
2 tasks
github-merge-queue bot pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Apr 21, 2025
Moved from: #7601.
Follow ups to: #7282.
Closes: #8146

---

This PR is the final outcome of a multi-month development period, with a
lot of background work
since 2022. Its main aim is to make pallet-staking, alongside its `type
ElectionProvider`
compatible to be used in a parachain, and report back the validator set
to a relay-chain.

This setup is intended to be used for Polkadot, Kusama and Westend
relay-chains, with the
corresponding AssetHubs hosting the staking system.

While this PR is quite big, a lot of the diffs are due to adding a relay
and parachain runtime
for testing. The following is a guide to help reviewers/auditors
distinguish what has actually
changed in this PR.

> Additional reading: See
polkadot-js/apps#11401, and the hackmd shared
in there, which contains more in-depth explanation of how RC <> AH
communicate.

## Added

> [This shows the partial
diff](ankn/diff-staking-async...ankn/diff-staking-async-1)
introduced in pallet-staking-async and election-provider-multi-block
relative to the existing (in master) pallet-staking and
election-provider-multi-phase.

This PR adds the following new pallets, all of which are not used
anywhere yet, with the
exception of one (see `westend-runtime` changes below).

#### `pallet-election-provider-multi-block`

This is a set of 4 pallets, capable of implementing an async, multi-page
`ElectionProvider`.
This pallet is not used in any real runtime yet, and is intended to be
used in `AssetHub`, next
to `pallet-staking-async`.

#### `pallet-staking-async`

A fork of the old `pallet-staking`, with a number of key differences,
making it suitable to be
used in a parachain:

1. It no longer has access to a secure timestamp, previously used to
calculate the duration of an era.
2. It no longer has access to a `pallet-session`. 
3. It no longer has access to a `pallet-authorship`. 
5. It is capable of working with a multi-page `ElectionProvider`, aka.
`pallet-election-provider-multi-block`.

To compensate for the above, this pallet relies on XCM messages coming
from the relay-chain,
informing the pallet of:

* When a new era should be activated, and how long its duration was
* When an offence has happened on the relay relay-chain
* When a session ends on the relay-chain, and how many reward points
were accumulated for each
validators during that period.

#### `pallet-staking-async-ah-client` and
`pallet-staking-async-rc-client`

Are the two new pallets that facilitate the above communication.

#### `pallet-ahm-test`

A test-only crate that contains e2e rust-based unit test for all of the
above.

#### `pallet-staking-async-rc-runtime` and
`pallet-staking-async-parachain-runtime`

Forks of westend and westend-asset-hub, customized to be used for
testing all of the above with
Zombienet. It contains a lot of unrelated code as well.

## Changed

> [This shows the partial
diff](ankn/8127-diff-changed-base...ankn/8127-diff-changed-compare)
that shows the changes to existing pallets used in prod runtimes as well
as westend runtime changes.

#### `Identification`

This mechanism, which lives on the relay-chain, is expressed by `type
FullIdentification` and `type FullIdentificationOf` in runtimes. It is a
way to identify the full data needed to slash a validator. Historically,
it was pointing to a validator, and their `struct Exposure`. With the
move to Asset-Hub, this is no longer possible for two reasons:

1. Relay chain no longer knows the full exposures
2. Even if, the full exposures are getting bigger and bigger and relying
the entirety of it is not scalable.

Instead, runtimes now move to a new `type FullIdentificationOf =
DefaultExposureOf`, which will identify a validator with a
`Exposure::default()`. This is suboptimal, as it forces us to still
store a number of bytes. Yet, it allows any old `FullIdentification`,
pertaining to an old slash, to be decoded. This compromise is only
needed to cater for slashes that happen around the time of AHM.

#### `westend-runtime`

This runtime already has the `pallet-staking-async-ah-client`,
integrated into all the places such that:

1. It handles the validator reward points
2. It handles offences
5. It is the `SessionManager`

Yet, it is delegating all of the above to its `type Fallback`, which is
the old `pallet-staking`. This is a preparatory step for AHM, and should
not be any logical change.

#### `pallet-election-provider-multi-phase`

This is the old single-page `ElectionProvider`. It has been updated to
work with multi-page traits, yet it only supports `page-size = 1` for
now. It should not have seen any logical changes.


#### `pallet-bags-list`

Now has two new features. 1. It can be `Locked`, in which case all
updates to it fail with an
`Err(_)`, even deletion of a node. This is needed because we cannot
alter any nodes in this
pallet during a multi-page iteration, aka. multi-page snapshot. 2. To
combat this, the same
`rebag` transaction can be also be used to remove a node from the list,
or add a node to the
list. This is done through the `score_of` api.

See the file changes and tests under `./substrate/frame/bags-list` for
more info.

#### RuntimeDebug -> Debug

To facilitate debugging, a number of types' `RuntimeDebug` impl has been
changed to `Debug`. See
#3107


## Weights 

Below is a summary of the weights. These are generated using
`staking-async/runtimes/parachain`, which assumes 22_500 nominators
divided by `32` pages for Polkadot, and 12_500 nominators divided by
`16` pages in Kusama, both leading to ~700 nominators snapshotted and
exported per page. Doubling these parameters would easily slash the PoV
weights by half, but with 10MB PoV, these numbers should be good. Also
noting that with PoV clawback, we migth get even more proof_size weight
back in the runtime. Although, afaik this reclaimed value does not take
compression into account.

```
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs old: kusama
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------+
| File                                    | Extrinsic                            | Old     | New     | Change [%]      |
+======================================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_snapshot_msp      | 2.41MiB | 2.41MiB | -0.03  |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_snapshot_rest     | 3.24MiB | 3.06MiB | -5.53  |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_signed            | 3.36MiB | 3.12MiB | -7.12  |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | export_non_terminal                  | 2.12MiB | 1.32MiB | -37.60 |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | export_terminal                      | 4.08MiB | 2.25MiB | -44.82 |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_nothing                | 3.53KiB | 3.53KiB | Unchanged       |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_unsigned          | 3.71KiB | 3.71KiB | Unchanged       |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_signed_validation | 3.71KiB | 3.71KiB | Unchanged       |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | manage                               | 0B      | 0B      | Unchanged       |
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------+
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs old: kusama
+------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| File                                           | Extrinsic            | Old      | New      | Change [%]      |
+===============================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | bail                 | 43.61KiB | 82.74KiB | +89.72 |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | register_eject       | 46.54KiB | 85.80KiB | +84.35 |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | clear_old_round_data | 85.23KiB | 85.17KiB | -0.06  |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | submit_page          | 6.95KiB  | 6.90KiB  | -0.70  |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | register_not_full    | 6.45KiB  | 6.39KiB  | -1.00  |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | unset_page           | 20.76KiB | 18.55KiB | -10.67 |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block_unsigned.rs old: kusama
+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------------+
| File                                             | Extrinsic         | Old      | New       | Change [%]       |
+================================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_unsigned.rs | submit_unsigned   | 63.56KiB | 696.00KiB | +995.01 |
|--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_unsigned.rs | validate_unsigned | 1.81KiB  | 3.66KiB   | +102.65 |
+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------------+
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs old: kusama
+--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+
| File                                             | Extrinsic                          | Old       | New       | Change [%]      |
+=================================================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_invalid_terminal     | 1.18MiB   | 1.69MiB   | +42.87 |
|--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_valid_terminal       | 1.18MiB   | 1.69MiB   | +42.71 |
|--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_invalid_non_terminal | 1.30MiB   | 450.82KiB | -66.08 |
|--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_valid_non_terminal   | 279.93KiB | 62.22KiB  | -77.77 |
+--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+
```

<summary> 

note for PR authors

<details>

<br>

## TODO

- [x] Finalize weights
- [x] Lock voter list when snapshot being taken 
- [x] push based election
- [x] OffchainWorker miner can now run on multiple pages 
- [x] Trimming is improved, all bounds are respected.
- [x] clients pallets: add ID
- [x] make election prolonged
- [x] bring westend-next and ah-next to staking-next
- [x] Test pre-migration to post-migration state in ahm-test.
- [x] Offence reporting works without exposure info on RC (done but
recheck).
- [ ] staking-async fix tests
- [ ] root offence testing (minimally done in migration test)
- [ ] Run benchmarking
- [x] ~~Add custom decoder for OffenceDetails~~.

## TODO before finalizing PR
- [x] Go over again and ensure no interaction with staking-classic
except by AhClient (and pallets that are going away) in Westend. Make
any non used apis private.
- [ ] Create diff with changes from staking-classic.

## Migration Notes
- At the start of the AHM migration, trigger:
`RC::pallet_staking_async_ah_client::on_migration_start()`
- At the start of the AHM migration, trigger the following:
  - definitely filter `staking::bond`
  - RC: set `staking::Forcing` to `ForceNone`. 
- At the end of the AHM migration, trigger the following
  - `RC::pallet_staking_async_ah_client::on_migration_end()`
  - Set `AH::pallet_staking_async::ForceEra` to `Forcing::NotForcing`.
  - Set RC staking and pool min bond to be u32::max.

## Follow-up
- [ ] Offence generation e2e test (zombienet)

</details>
</summary>

---------

Co-authored-by: kianenigma <kian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tsvetomir Dimitrov <tsvetomir@parity.io>
github-merge-queue bot pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Apr 22, 2025
Moved from: #7601.
Follow ups to: #7282.
Closes: #8146

---

This PR is the final outcome of a multi-month development period, with a
lot of background work
since 2022. Its main aim is to make pallet-staking, alongside its `type
ElectionProvider`
compatible to be used in a parachain, and report back the validator set
to a relay-chain.

This setup is intended to be used for Polkadot, Kusama and Westend
relay-chains, with the
corresponding AssetHubs hosting the staking system.

While this PR is quite big, a lot of the diffs are due to adding a relay
and parachain runtime
for testing. The following is a guide to help reviewers/auditors
distinguish what has actually
changed in this PR.

> Additional reading: See
polkadot-js/apps#11401, and the hackmd shared
in there, which contains more in-depth explanation of how RC <> AH
communicate.

## Added

> [This shows the partial
diff](ankn/diff-staking-async...ankn/diff-staking-async-1)
introduced in pallet-staking-async and election-provider-multi-block
relative to the existing (in master) pallet-staking and
election-provider-multi-phase.

This PR adds the following new pallets, all of which are not used
anywhere yet, with the
exception of one (see `westend-runtime` changes below).

#### `pallet-election-provider-multi-block`

This is a set of 4 pallets, capable of implementing an async, multi-page
`ElectionProvider`.
This pallet is not used in any real runtime yet, and is intended to be
used in `AssetHub`, next
to `pallet-staking-async`.

#### `pallet-staking-async`

A fork of the old `pallet-staking`, with a number of key differences,
making it suitable to be
used in a parachain:

1. It no longer has access to a secure timestamp, previously used to
calculate the duration of an era.
2. It no longer has access to a `pallet-session`. 
3. It no longer has access to a `pallet-authorship`. 
5. It is capable of working with a multi-page `ElectionProvider`, aka.
`pallet-election-provider-multi-block`.

To compensate for the above, this pallet relies on XCM messages coming
from the relay-chain,
informing the pallet of:

* When a new era should be activated, and how long its duration was
* When an offence has happened on the relay relay-chain
* When a session ends on the relay-chain, and how many reward points
were accumulated for each
validators during that period.

#### `pallet-staking-async-ah-client` and
`pallet-staking-async-rc-client`

Are the two new pallets that facilitate the above communication.

#### `pallet-ahm-test`

A test-only crate that contains e2e rust-based unit test for all of the
above.

#### `pallet-staking-async-rc-runtime` and
`pallet-staking-async-parachain-runtime`

Forks of westend and westend-asset-hub, customized to be used for
testing all of the above with
Zombienet. It contains a lot of unrelated code as well.

## Changed

> [This shows the partial
diff](ankn/8127-diff-changed-base...ankn/8127-diff-changed-compare)
that shows the changes to existing pallets used in prod runtimes as well
as westend runtime changes.

#### `Identification`

This mechanism, which lives on the relay-chain, is expressed by `type
FullIdentification` and `type FullIdentificationOf` in runtimes. It is a
way to identify the full data needed to slash a validator. Historically,
it was pointing to a validator, and their `struct Exposure`. With the
move to Asset-Hub, this is no longer possible for two reasons:

1. Relay chain no longer knows the full exposures
2. Even if, the full exposures are getting bigger and bigger and relying
the entirety of it is not scalable.

Instead, runtimes now move to a new `type FullIdentificationOf =
DefaultExposureOf`, which will identify a validator with a
`Exposure::default()`. This is suboptimal, as it forces us to still
store a number of bytes. Yet, it allows any old `FullIdentification`,
pertaining to an old slash, to be decoded. This compromise is only
needed to cater for slashes that happen around the time of AHM.

#### `westend-runtime`

This runtime already has the `pallet-staking-async-ah-client`,
integrated into all the places such that:

1. It handles the validator reward points
2. It handles offences
5. It is the `SessionManager`

Yet, it is delegating all of the above to its `type Fallback`, which is
the old `pallet-staking`. This is a preparatory step for AHM, and should
not be any logical change.

#### `pallet-election-provider-multi-phase`

This is the old single-page `ElectionProvider`. It has been updated to
work with multi-page traits, yet it only supports `page-size = 1` for
now. It should not have seen any logical changes.


#### `pallet-bags-list`

Now has two new features. 1. It can be `Locked`, in which case all
updates to it fail with an
`Err(_)`, even deletion of a node. This is needed because we cannot
alter any nodes in this
pallet during a multi-page iteration, aka. multi-page snapshot. 2. To
combat this, the same
`rebag` transaction can be also be used to remove a node from the list,
or add a node to the
list. This is done through the `score_of` api.

See the file changes and tests under `./substrate/frame/bags-list` for
more info.

#### RuntimeDebug -> Debug

To facilitate debugging, a number of types' `RuntimeDebug` impl has been
changed to `Debug`. See
#3107


## Weights 

Below is a summary of the weights. These are generated using
`staking-async/runtimes/parachain`, which assumes 22_500 nominators
divided by `32` pages for Polkadot, and 12_500 nominators divided by
`16` pages in Kusama, both leading to ~700 nominators snapshotted and
exported per page. Doubling these parameters would easily slash the PoV
weights by half, but with 10MB PoV, these numbers should be good. Also
noting that with PoV clawback, we migth get even more proof_size weight
back in the runtime. Although, afaik this reclaimed value does not take
compression into account.

```
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs old: kusama
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------+
| File                                    | Extrinsic                            | Old     | New     | Change [%]      |
+======================================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_snapshot_msp      | 2.41MiB | 2.41MiB | -0.03  |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_snapshot_rest     | 3.24MiB | 3.06MiB | -5.53  |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_signed            | 3.36MiB | 3.12MiB | -7.12  |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | export_non_terminal                  | 2.12MiB | 1.32MiB | -37.60 |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | export_terminal                      | 4.08MiB | 2.25MiB | -44.82 |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_nothing                | 3.53KiB | 3.53KiB | Unchanged       |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_unsigned          | 3.71KiB | 3.71KiB | Unchanged       |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_signed_validation | 3.71KiB | 3.71KiB | Unchanged       |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | manage                               | 0B      | 0B      | Unchanged       |
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------+
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs old: kusama
+------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| File                                           | Extrinsic            | Old      | New      | Change [%]      |
+===============================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | bail                 | 43.61KiB | 82.74KiB | +89.72 |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | register_eject       | 46.54KiB | 85.80KiB | +84.35 |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | clear_old_round_data | 85.23KiB | 85.17KiB | -0.06  |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | submit_page          | 6.95KiB  | 6.90KiB  | -0.70  |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | register_not_full    | 6.45KiB  | 6.39KiB  | -1.00  |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | unset_page           | 20.76KiB | 18.55KiB | -10.67 |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block_unsigned.rs old: kusama
+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------------+
| File                                             | Extrinsic         | Old      | New       | Change [%]       |
+================================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_unsigned.rs | submit_unsigned   | 63.56KiB | 696.00KiB | +995.01 |
|--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_unsigned.rs | validate_unsigned | 1.81KiB  | 3.66KiB   | +102.65 |
+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------------+
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs old: kusama
+--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+
| File                                             | Extrinsic                          | Old       | New       | Change [%]      |
+=================================================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_invalid_terminal     | 1.18MiB   | 1.69MiB   | +42.87 |
|--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_valid_terminal       | 1.18MiB   | 1.69MiB   | +42.71 |
|--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_invalid_non_terminal | 1.30MiB   | 450.82KiB | -66.08 |
|--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_valid_non_terminal   | 279.93KiB | 62.22KiB  | -77.77 |
+--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+
```

<summary> 

note for PR authors

<details>

<br>

## TODO

- [x] Finalize weights
- [x] Lock voter list when snapshot being taken 
- [x] push based election
- [x] OffchainWorker miner can now run on multiple pages 
- [x] Trimming is improved, all bounds are respected.
- [x] clients pallets: add ID
- [x] make election prolonged
- [x] bring westend-next and ah-next to staking-next
- [x] Test pre-migration to post-migration state in ahm-test.
- [x] Offence reporting works without exposure info on RC (done but
recheck).
- [ ] staking-async fix tests
- [ ] root offence testing (minimally done in migration test)
- [ ] Run benchmarking
- [x] ~~Add custom decoder for OffenceDetails~~.

## TODO before finalizing PR
- [x] Go over again and ensure no interaction with staking-classic
except by AhClient (and pallets that are going away) in Westend. Make
any non used apis private.
- [ ] Create diff with changes from staking-classic.

## Migration Notes
- At the start of the AHM migration, trigger:
`RC::pallet_staking_async_ah_client::on_migration_start()`
- At the start of the AHM migration, trigger the following:
  - definitely filter `staking::bond`
  - RC: set `staking::Forcing` to `ForceNone`. 
- At the end of the AHM migration, trigger the following
  - `RC::pallet_staking_async_ah_client::on_migration_end()`
  - Set `AH::pallet_staking_async::ForceEra` to `Forcing::NotForcing`.
  - Set RC staking and pool min bond to be u32::max.

## Follow-up
- [ ] Offence generation e2e test (zombienet)

</details>
</summary>

---------

Co-authored-by: kianenigma <kian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tsvetomir Dimitrov <tsvetomir@parity.io>
castillax pushed a commit that referenced this pull request May 12, 2025
Moved from: #7601.
Follow ups to: #7282.
Closes: #8146

---

This PR is the final outcome of a multi-month development period, with a
lot of background work
since 2022. Its main aim is to make pallet-staking, alongside its `type
ElectionProvider`
compatible to be used in a parachain, and report back the validator set
to a relay-chain.

This setup is intended to be used for Polkadot, Kusama and Westend
relay-chains, with the
corresponding AssetHubs hosting the staking system.

While this PR is quite big, a lot of the diffs are due to adding a relay
and parachain runtime
for testing. The following is a guide to help reviewers/auditors
distinguish what has actually
changed in this PR.

> Additional reading: See
polkadot-js/apps#11401, and the hackmd shared
in there, which contains more in-depth explanation of how RC <> AH
communicate.

## Added

> [This shows the partial
diff](ankn/diff-staking-async...ankn/diff-staking-async-1)
introduced in pallet-staking-async and election-provider-multi-block
relative to the existing (in master) pallet-staking and
election-provider-multi-phase.

This PR adds the following new pallets, all of which are not used
anywhere yet, with the
exception of one (see `westend-runtime` changes below).

#### `pallet-election-provider-multi-block`

This is a set of 4 pallets, capable of implementing an async, multi-page
`ElectionProvider`.
This pallet is not used in any real runtime yet, and is intended to be
used in `AssetHub`, next
to `pallet-staking-async`.

#### `pallet-staking-async`

A fork of the old `pallet-staking`, with a number of key differences,
making it suitable to be
used in a parachain:

1. It no longer has access to a secure timestamp, previously used to
calculate the duration of an era.
2. It no longer has access to a `pallet-session`. 
3. It no longer has access to a `pallet-authorship`. 
5. It is capable of working with a multi-page `ElectionProvider`, aka.
`pallet-election-provider-multi-block`.

To compensate for the above, this pallet relies on XCM messages coming
from the relay-chain,
informing the pallet of:

* When a new era should be activated, and how long its duration was
* When an offence has happened on the relay relay-chain
* When a session ends on the relay-chain, and how many reward points
were accumulated for each
validators during that period.

#### `pallet-staking-async-ah-client` and
`pallet-staking-async-rc-client`

Are the two new pallets that facilitate the above communication.

#### `pallet-ahm-test`

A test-only crate that contains e2e rust-based unit test for all of the
above.

#### `pallet-staking-async-rc-runtime` and
`pallet-staking-async-parachain-runtime`

Forks of westend and westend-asset-hub, customized to be used for
testing all of the above with
Zombienet. It contains a lot of unrelated code as well.

## Changed

> [This shows the partial
diff](ankn/8127-diff-changed-base...ankn/8127-diff-changed-compare)
that shows the changes to existing pallets used in prod runtimes as well
as westend runtime changes.

#### `Identification`

This mechanism, which lives on the relay-chain, is expressed by `type
FullIdentification` and `type FullIdentificationOf` in runtimes. It is a
way to identify the full data needed to slash a validator. Historically,
it was pointing to a validator, and their `struct Exposure`. With the
move to Asset-Hub, this is no longer possible for two reasons:

1. Relay chain no longer knows the full exposures
2. Even if, the full exposures are getting bigger and bigger and relying
the entirety of it is not scalable.

Instead, runtimes now move to a new `type FullIdentificationOf =
DefaultExposureOf`, which will identify a validator with a
`Exposure::default()`. This is suboptimal, as it forces us to still
store a number of bytes. Yet, it allows any old `FullIdentification`,
pertaining to an old slash, to be decoded. This compromise is only
needed to cater for slashes that happen around the time of AHM.

#### `westend-runtime`

This runtime already has the `pallet-staking-async-ah-client`,
integrated into all the places such that:

1. It handles the validator reward points
2. It handles offences
5. It is the `SessionManager`

Yet, it is delegating all of the above to its `type Fallback`, which is
the old `pallet-staking`. This is a preparatory step for AHM, and should
not be any logical change.

#### `pallet-election-provider-multi-phase`

This is the old single-page `ElectionProvider`. It has been updated to
work with multi-page traits, yet it only supports `page-size = 1` for
now. It should not have seen any logical changes.


#### `pallet-bags-list`

Now has two new features. 1. It can be `Locked`, in which case all
updates to it fail with an
`Err(_)`, even deletion of a node. This is needed because we cannot
alter any nodes in this
pallet during a multi-page iteration, aka. multi-page snapshot. 2. To
combat this, the same
`rebag` transaction can be also be used to remove a node from the list,
or add a node to the
list. This is done through the `score_of` api.

See the file changes and tests under `./substrate/frame/bags-list` for
more info.

#### RuntimeDebug -> Debug

To facilitate debugging, a number of types' `RuntimeDebug` impl has been
changed to `Debug`. See
#3107


## Weights 

Below is a summary of the weights. These are generated using
`staking-async/runtimes/parachain`, which assumes 22_500 nominators
divided by `32` pages for Polkadot, and 12_500 nominators divided by
`16` pages in Kusama, both leading to ~700 nominators snapshotted and
exported per page. Doubling these parameters would easily slash the PoV
weights by half, but with 10MB PoV, these numbers should be good. Also
noting that with PoV clawback, we migth get even more proof_size weight
back in the runtime. Although, afaik this reclaimed value does not take
compression into account.

```
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs old: kusama
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------+
| File                                    | Extrinsic                            | Old     | New     | Change [%]      |
+======================================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_snapshot_msp      | 2.41MiB | 2.41MiB | -0.03  |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_snapshot_rest     | 3.24MiB | 3.06MiB | -5.53  |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_signed            | 3.36MiB | 3.12MiB | -7.12  |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | export_non_terminal                  | 2.12MiB | 1.32MiB | -37.60 |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | export_terminal                      | 4.08MiB | 2.25MiB | -44.82 |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_nothing                | 3.53KiB | 3.53KiB | Unchanged       |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_unsigned          | 3.71KiB | 3.71KiB | Unchanged       |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | on_initialize_into_signed_validation | 3.71KiB | 3.71KiB | Unchanged       |
|-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block.rs | manage                               | 0B      | 0B      | Unchanged       |
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------+
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs old: kusama
+------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| File                                           | Extrinsic            | Old      | New      | Change [%]      |
+===============================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | bail                 | 43.61KiB | 82.74KiB | +89.72 |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | register_eject       | 46.54KiB | 85.80KiB | +84.35 |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | clear_old_round_data | 85.23KiB | 85.17KiB | -0.06  |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | submit_page          | 6.95KiB  | 6.90KiB  | -0.70  |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | register_not_full    | 6.45KiB  | 6.39KiB  | -1.00  |
|------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_signed.rs | unset_page           | 20.76KiB | 18.55KiB | -10.67 |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block_unsigned.rs old: kusama
+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------------+
| File                                             | Extrinsic         | Old      | New       | Change [%]       |
+================================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_unsigned.rs | submit_unsigned   | 63.56KiB | 696.00KiB | +995.01 |
|--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_unsigned.rs | validate_unsigned | 1.81KiB  | 3.66KiB   | +102.65 |
+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------------+
#### new: polkadot/pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs old: kusama
+--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+
| File                                             | Extrinsic                          | Old       | New       | Change [%]      |
+=================================================================================================================================+
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_invalid_terminal     | 1.18MiB   | 1.69MiB   | +42.87 |
|--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_valid_terminal       | 1.18MiB   | 1.69MiB   | +42.71 |
|--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_invalid_non_terminal | 1.30MiB   | 450.82KiB | -66.08 |
|--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------|
| pallet_election_provider_multi_block_verifier.rs | on_initialize_valid_non_terminal   | 279.93KiB | 62.22KiB  | -77.77 |
+--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+
```

<summary> 

note for PR authors

<details>

<br>

## TODO

- [x] Finalize weights
- [x] Lock voter list when snapshot being taken 
- [x] push based election
- [x] OffchainWorker miner can now run on multiple pages 
- [x] Trimming is improved, all bounds are respected.
- [x] clients pallets: add ID
- [x] make election prolonged
- [x] bring westend-next and ah-next to staking-next
- [x] Test pre-migration to post-migration state in ahm-test.
- [x] Offence reporting works without exposure info on RC (done but
recheck).
- [ ] staking-async fix tests
- [ ] root offence testing (minimally done in migration test)
- [ ] Run benchmarking
- [x] ~~Add custom decoder for OffenceDetails~~.

## TODO before finalizing PR
- [x] Go over again and ensure no interaction with staking-classic
except by AhClient (and pallets that are going away) in Westend. Make
any non used apis private.
- [ ] Create diff with changes from staking-classic.

## Migration Notes
- At the start of the AHM migration, trigger:
`RC::pallet_staking_async_ah_client::on_migration_start()`
- At the start of the AHM migration, trigger the following:
  - definitely filter `staking::bond`
  - RC: set `staking::Forcing` to `ForceNone`. 
- At the end of the AHM migration, trigger the following
  - `RC::pallet_staking_async_ah_client::on_migration_end()`
  - Set `AH::pallet_staking_async::ForceEra` to `Forcing::NotForcing`.
  - Set RC staking and pool min bond to be u32::max.

## Follow-up
- [ ] Offence generation e2e test (zombienet)

</details>
</summary>

---------

Co-authored-by: kianenigma <kian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: cmd[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tsvetomir Dimitrov <tsvetomir@parity.io>
@bkchr bkchr closed this Feb 25, 2026
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