fix: Verify impls arising from function calls exist

compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/type_check/expr.rs

@@ -53,6 +53,18 @@ impl<'interner> TypeChecker<'interner> {
                 // variable to handle generic functions.
                 let t = self.interner.id_type_substitute_trait_as_type(ident.id);
                 let (typ, bindings) = t.instantiate(self.interner);
+
+                // Push any trait constraints required by this definition to the context
+                // to be checked later when the type of this variable is further constrained.
+                let definition = self.interner.definition(ident.id);
+                if let DefinitionKind::Function(function) = definition.kind {
+                    let function = self.interner.function_meta(&function);
+                    for mut constraint in function.trait_constraints.clone() {
+                        constraint.typ = constraint.typ.substitute(&bindings);
+                        self.trait_constraints.push((constraint, *expr_id));
+                    }
+                }
+
                 self.interner.store_instantiation_bindings(*expr_id, bindings);
                 typ
             }
@@ -294,7 +306,7 @@ impl<'interner> TypeChecker<'interner> {
         typ
     }
 
-    fn verify_trait_constraint(
+    pub fn verify_trait_constraint(
         &mut self,
         object_type: &Type,
         trait_id: TraitId,

compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/type_check/mod.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ mod stmt;
 pub use errors::TypeCheckError;
 
 use crate::{
-    hir_def::{expr::HirExpression, stmt::HirStatement},
+    hir_def::{expr::HirExpression, stmt::HirStatement, traits::TraitConstraint},
     node_interner::{ExprId, FuncId, NodeInterner, StmtId},
     Type,
 };
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ pub struct TypeChecker<'interner> {
     interner: &'interner mut NodeInterner,
     errors: Vec<TypeCheckError>,
     current_function: Option<FuncId>,
+
+    /// Trait constraints are collected during type checking until they are
+    /// verified at the end of a function. This is because constraints arise
+    /// on each variable, but it is only until function calls when the types
+    /// needed for the trait constraint may become known.
+    trait_constraints: Vec<(TraitConstraint, ExprId)>,
 }
 
 /// Type checks a function and assigns the
@@ -66,18 +72,24 @@ pub fn type_check_func(interner: &mut NodeInterner, func_id: FuncId) -> Vec<Type
         type_checker.bind_pattern(&param.0, param.1);
     }
 
-    let (function_last_type, delayed_type_check_functions, mut body_errors) =
+    let (function_last_type, delayed_type_check_functions) =
         type_checker.check_function_body(function_body_id);
 
-    errors.append(&mut body_errors);
-
     // Go through any delayed type checking errors to see if they are resolved, or error otherwise.
     for type_check_fn in delayed_type_check_functions {
         if let Err(error) = type_check_fn() {
             errors.push(error);
         }
     }
 
+    // Verify any remaining trait constraints arising from the function body
+    for (constraint, expr_id) in std::mem::take(&mut type_checker.trait_constraints) {
+        let span = type_checker.interner.expr_span(&expr_id);
+        type_checker.verify_trait_constraint(&constraint.typ, constraint.trait_id, expr_id, span);
+    }
+
+    errors.append(&mut type_checker.errors);
+
     // Now remove all the `where` clause constraints we added
     for constraint in &meta.trait_constraints {
         interner.remove_assumed_trait_implementations_for_trait(constraint.trait_id);
@@ -146,26 +158,30 @@ fn function_info(interner: &NodeInterner, function_body_id: &ExprId) -> (noirc_e
 
 impl<'interner> TypeChecker<'interner> {
     fn new(interner: &'interner mut NodeInterner) -> Self {
-        Self { delayed_type_checks: Vec::new(), interner, errors: vec![], current_function: None }
+        Self {
+            delayed_type_checks: Vec::new(),
+            interner,
+            errors: Vec::new(),
+            trait_constraints: Vec::new(),
+            current_function: None,
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn push_delayed_type_check(&mut self, f: TypeCheckFn) {
         self.delayed_type_checks.push(f);
     }
 
-    fn check_function_body(
-        mut self,
-        body: &ExprId,
-    ) -> (Type, Vec<TypeCheckFn>, Vec<TypeCheckError>) {
+    fn check_function_body(&mut self, body: &ExprId) -> (Type, Vec<TypeCheckFn>) {
         let body_type = self.check_expression(body);
-        (body_type, self.delayed_type_checks, self.errors)
+        (body_type, std::mem::take(&mut self.delayed_type_checks))
     }
 
     pub fn check_global(id: &StmtId, interner: &'interner mut NodeInterner) -> Vec<TypeCheckError> {
         let mut this = Self {
             delayed_type_checks: Vec::new(),
             interner,
-            errors: vec![],
+            errors: Vec::new(),
+            trait_constraints: Vec::new(),
             current_function: None,
         };
         this.check_statement(id);

compiler/noirc_frontend/src/monomorphization/mod.rs

@@ -837,7 +837,14 @@ impl<'interner> Monomorphizer<'interner> {
                         "There should be no remaining Assumed impls during monomorphization"
                     ),
                     Err(constraints) => {
-                        unreachable!("Failed to find trait impl during monomorphization. The failed constraint(s) are:\n  {constraints:?}")
+                        let failed_constraints = vecmap(constraints, |constraint| {
+                            let id = constraint.trait_id;
+                            let name = self.interner.get_trait(id).name.to_string();
+                            format!("  {}: {name}", constraint.typ)
+                        })
+                        .join("\n");
+
+                        unreachable!("Failed to find trait impl during monomorphization. The failed constraint(s) are:\n{failed_constraints}")
                     }
                 }
             }

tooling/nargo_cli/tests/compile_failure/no_impl_from_function/Nargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[package]
+name = "no_impl_from_function"
+type = "bin"
+authors = [""]
+
+[dependencies]

tooling/nargo_cli/tests/compile_failure/no_impl_from_function/src/main.nr

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+fn main() {
+    let array: [Field; 3] = [1, 2, 3];
+    assert(foo(array));
+
+    // Ensure this still works if we have to infer the type of the integer literals
+    let array = [1, 2, 3];
+    assert(foo(array));
+}
+
+fn foo<T>(x: T) -> bool where T: Eq {
+    x.eq(x)
+}
+
+trait Eq {
+    fn eq(self, other: Self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<T, N> Eq for [T; N] where T: Eq {
+    fn eq(self, other: Self) -> bool {
+        let mut ret = true;
+        for i in 0 .. self.len() {
+            ret &= self[i].eq(other[i]);
+        }
+        ret
+    }
+}