Disallow truthiness/nullishness checks on syntax that never varies on it

src/compiler/checker.ts

@@ -470,6 +470,7 @@ import {
     isAutoAccessorPropertyDeclaration,
     isAwaitExpression,
     isBinaryExpression,
+    isBinaryLogicalOperator,
     isBindableObjectDefinePropertyCall,
     isBindableStaticElementAccessExpression,
     isBindableStaticNameExpression,
@@ -898,6 +899,7 @@ import {
     NodeWithTypeArguments,
     NonNullChain,
     NonNullExpression,
+    NoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral,
     not,
     noTruncationMaximumTruncationLength,
     NumberLiteralType,
@@ -913,6 +915,7 @@ import {
     OptionalTypeNode,
     or,
     orderedRemoveItemAt,
+    OuterExpression,
     OuterExpressionKinds,
     ParameterDeclaration,
     parameterIsThisKeyword,
@@ -928,6 +931,7 @@ import {
     PatternAmbientModule,
     PlusToken,
     PostfixUnaryExpression,
+    PredicateSemantics,
     PrefixUnaryExpression,
     PrivateIdentifier,
     Program,
@@ -39463,7 +39467,7 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
                 return state;
             }
 
-            checkGrammarNullishCoalesceWithLogicalExpression(node);
+            checkNullishCoalesceOperands(node);
 
             const operator = node.operatorToken.kind;
             if (operator === SyntaxKind.EqualsToken && (node.left.kind === SyntaxKind.ObjectLiteralExpression || node.left.kind === SyntaxKind.ArrayLiteralExpression)) {
@@ -39496,7 +39500,9 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
                     if (operator === SyntaxKind.AmpersandAmpersandToken || isIfStatement(parent)) {
                         checkTestingKnownTruthyCallableOrAwaitableOrEnumMemberType(node.left, leftType, isIfStatement(parent) ? parent.thenStatement : undefined);
                     }
-                    checkTruthinessOfType(leftType, node.left);
+                    if (isBinaryLogicalOperator(operator)) {
+                        checkTruthinessOfType(leftType, node.left);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -39562,7 +39568,7 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
         }
     }
 
-    function checkGrammarNullishCoalesceWithLogicalExpression(node: BinaryExpression) {
+    function checkNullishCoalesceOperands(node: BinaryExpression) {
         const { left, operatorToken, right } = node;
         if (operatorToken.kind === SyntaxKind.QuestionQuestionToken) {
             if (isBinaryExpression(left) && (left.operatorToken.kind === SyntaxKind.BarBarToken || left.operatorToken.kind === SyntaxKind.AmpersandAmpersandToken)) {
@@ -39571,7 +39577,63 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
             if (isBinaryExpression(right) && (right.operatorToken.kind === SyntaxKind.BarBarToken || right.operatorToken.kind === SyntaxKind.AmpersandAmpersandToken)) {
                 grammarErrorOnNode(right, Diagnostics._0_and_1_operations_cannot_be_mixed_without_parentheses, tokenToString(right.operatorToken.kind), tokenToString(operatorToken.kind));
             }
+
+            const leftTarget = skipOuterExpressions(left, OuterExpressionKinds.All);
+            const nullishSemantics = getSyntacticNullishnessSemantics(leftTarget);
+            if (nullishSemantics !== PredicateSemantics.Sometimes) {
+                if (node.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.BinaryExpression) {
+                    error(leftTarget, Diagnostics.This_binary_expression_is_never_nullish_Are_you_missing_parentheses);
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (nullishSemantics === PredicateSemantics.Always) {
+                        error(leftTarget, Diagnostics.This_expression_is_always_nullish);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        error(leftTarget, Diagnostics.Right_operand_of_is_unreachable_because_the_left_operand_is_never_nullish);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function getSyntacticNullishnessSemantics(node: Node): PredicateSemantics {
+        switch (node.kind) {
+            case SyntaxKind.AwaitExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.CallExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.ElementAccessExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.NewExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.PropertyAccessExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.YieldExpression:
+                return PredicateSemantics.Sometimes;
+            case SyntaxKind.BinaryExpression:
+                // List of operators that can produce null/undefined:
+                // = ??= ?? || ||= && &&=
+                switch ((node as BinaryExpression).operatorToken.kind) {
+                    case SyntaxKind.EqualsToken:
+                    case SyntaxKind.QuestionQuestionToken:
+                    case SyntaxKind.QuestionQuestionEqualsToken:
+                    case SyntaxKind.BarBarToken:
+                    case SyntaxKind.BarBarEqualsToken:
+                    case SyntaxKind.AmpersandAmpersandToken:
+                    case SyntaxKind.AmpersandAmpersandEqualsToken:
+                        return PredicateSemantics.Sometimes;
+                }
+                return PredicateSemantics.Never;
+            case SyntaxKind.NullKeyword:
+                return PredicateSemantics.Always;
+            case SyntaxKind.TypeAssertionExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.AsExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.ParenthesizedExpression:
+                return getSyntacticNullishnessSemantics((node as OuterExpression).expression);
+            case SyntaxKind.ConditionalExpression:
+                return getSyntacticNullishnessSemantics((node as ConditionalExpression).whenTrue) | getSyntacticNullishnessSemantics((node as ConditionalExpression).whenFalse);
+            case SyntaxKind.Identifier:
+                if ((node as Identifier).escapedText === "undefined") {
+                    return PredicateSemantics.Always;
+                }
+                return PredicateSemantics.Sometimes;
         }
+        return PredicateSemantics.Never;
     }
 
     // Note that this and `checkBinaryExpression` above should behave mostly the same, except this elides some
@@ -39582,7 +39644,7 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
             return checkDestructuringAssignment(left, checkExpression(right, checkMode), checkMode, right.kind === SyntaxKind.ThisKeyword);
         }
         let leftType: Type;
-        if (isLogicalOrCoalescingBinaryOperator(operator)) {
+        if (isBinaryLogicalOperator(operator)) {
             leftType = checkTruthinessExpression(left, checkMode);
         }
         else {
@@ -44206,9 +44268,59 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
         if (type.flags & TypeFlags.Void) {
             error(node, Diagnostics.An_expression_of_type_void_cannot_be_tested_for_truthiness);
         }
+        else {
+            const semantics = getSyntacticTruthySemantics(node);
+            if (semantics !== PredicateSemantics.Sometimes) {
+                error(
+                    node,
+                    semantics === PredicateSemantics.Always ?
+                        Diagnostics.This_kind_of_expression_is_always_truthy :
+                        Diagnostics.This_kind_of_expression_is_always_falsy,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
         return type;
     }
 
+    function getSyntacticTruthySemantics(node: Node): PredicateSemantics {
+        switch (node.kind) {
+            case SyntaxKind.NumericLiteral:
+                // Allow `while(0)` or `while(1)`
+                if ((node as NumericLiteral).text === "0" || (node as NumericLiteral).text === "1") {
+                    return PredicateSemantics.Sometimes;
+                }
+                return PredicateSemantics.Always;
+            case SyntaxKind.ArrayLiteralExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.ArrowFunction:
+            case SyntaxKind.BigIntLiteral:
+            case SyntaxKind.ClassExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.JsxElement:
+            case SyntaxKind.JsxSelfClosingElement:
+            case SyntaxKind.ObjectLiteralExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.RegularExpressionLiteral:
+                return PredicateSemantics.Always;
+            case SyntaxKind.VoidExpression:
+                return PredicateSemantics.Never;
+            case SyntaxKind.NoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral:
+            case SyntaxKind.StringLiteral:
+                return !!(node as StringLiteral | NoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral).text ? PredicateSemantics.Always : PredicateSemantics.Never;
+            case SyntaxKind.TypeAssertionExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.AsExpression:
+            case SyntaxKind.ParenthesizedExpression:
+                return getSyntacticTruthySemantics((node as OuterExpression).expression);
+            case SyntaxKind.ConditionalExpression:
+                return getSyntacticTruthySemantics((node as ConditionalExpression).whenTrue) | getSyntacticTruthySemantics((node as ConditionalExpression).whenFalse);
+            case SyntaxKind.Identifier:
+                if ((node as Identifier).escapedText === "undefined") {
+                    return PredicateSemantics.Never;
+                }
+                return PredicateSemantics.Sometimes;
+        }
+        return PredicateSemantics.Sometimes;
+    }
+
     function checkTruthinessExpression(node: Expression, checkMode?: CheckMode) {
         return checkTruthinessOfType(checkExpression(node, checkMode), node);
     }

src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json

@@ -3911,7 +3911,26 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 2868
     },
-
+    "Right operand of ?? is unreachable because the left operand is never nullish.": {
+        "category": "Error",
+        "code": 2869
+    },
+    "This binary expression is never nullish. Are you missing parentheses?": {
+        "category": "Error",
+        "code": 2870
+    },
+    "This expression is always nullish.": {
+        "category": "Error",
+        "code": 2871
+    },
+    "This kind of expression is always truthy.": {
+        "category": "Error",
+        "code": 2872
+    },
+    "This kind of expression is always falsy.": {
+        "category": "Error",
+        "code": 2873
+    },
     "Import declaration '{0}' is using private name '{1}'.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 4000

src/compiler/types.ts

@@ -923,6 +923,14 @@ export const enum RelationComparisonResult {
     Overflow            = ComplexityOverflow | StackDepthOverflow,
 }
 
+/** @internal */
+export const enum PredicateSemantics {
+    None = 0,
+    Always = 1 << 0,
+    Never = 1 << 1,
+    Sometimes = Always | Never,
+}
+
 /** @internal */
 export type NodeId = number;
 

src/compiler/utilities.ts

@@ -7187,7 +7187,8 @@ export function modifierToFlag(token: SyntaxKind): ModifierFlags {
     return ModifierFlags.None;
 }
 
-function isBinaryLogicalOperator(token: SyntaxKind): boolean {
+/** @internal */
+export function isBinaryLogicalOperator(token: SyntaxKind): boolean {
     return token === SyntaxKind.BarBarToken || token === SyntaxKind.AmpersandAmpersandToken;
 }
 

tests/baselines/reference/checkJsdocReturnTag1.errors.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+returns.js(20,12): error TS2872: This kind of expression is always truthy.
+
+
+==== returns.js (1 errors) ====
+    // @ts-check
+    /**
+     * @returns {string} This comment is not currently exposed
+     */
+    function f() {
+        return "hello";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @returns {string=} This comment is not currently exposed
+     */
+    function f1() {
+        return "hello world";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @returns {string|number} This comment is not currently exposed
+     */
+    function f2() {
+        return 5 || "hello";
+               ~
+!!! error TS2872: This kind of expression is always truthy.
+    }
+

tests/baselines/reference/checkJsdocReturnTag2.errors.txt

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 returns.js(6,5): error TS2322: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.
 returns.js(13,5): error TS2322: Type 'number | boolean' is not assignable to type 'string | number'.
   Type 'boolean' is not assignable to type 'string | number'.
+returns.js(13,12): error TS2872: This kind of expression is always truthy.
 
 
-==== returns.js (2 errors) ====
+==== returns.js (3 errors) ====
     // @ts-check
     /**
      * @returns {string} This comment is not currently exposed
@@ -22,5 +23,7 @@ returns.js(13,5): error TS2322: Type 'number | boolean' is not assignable to typ
         ~~~~~~
 !!! error TS2322: Type 'number | boolean' is not assignable to type 'string | number'.
 !!! error TS2322:   Type 'boolean' is not assignable to type 'string | number'.
+               ~
+!!! error TS2872: This kind of expression is always truthy.
     }
 

tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames46_ES5.errors.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+computedPropertyNames46_ES5.ts(2,6): error TS2873: This kind of expression is always falsy.
+
+
+==== computedPropertyNames46_ES5.ts (1 errors) ====
+    var o = {
+        ["" || 0]: 0
+         ~~
+!!! error TS2873: This kind of expression is always falsy.
+    };

tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames46_ES6.errors.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+computedPropertyNames46_ES6.ts(2,6): error TS2873: This kind of expression is always falsy.
+
+
+==== computedPropertyNames46_ES6.ts (1 errors) ====
+    var o = {
+        ["" || 0]: 0
+         ~~
+!!! error TS2873: This kind of expression is always falsy.
+    };

tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames48_ES5.errors.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+computedPropertyNames48_ES5.ts(16,6): error TS2873: This kind of expression is always falsy.
+
+
+==== computedPropertyNames48_ES5.ts (1 errors) ====
+    declare function extractIndexer<T>(p: { [n: number]: T }): T;
+
+    enum E { x }
+
+    var a: any;
+
+    extractIndexer({
+        [a]: ""
+    }); // Should return string
+
+    extractIndexer({
+        [E.x]: ""
+    }); // Should return string
+
+    extractIndexer({
+        ["" || 0]: ""
+         ~~
+!!! error TS2873: This kind of expression is always falsy.
+    }); // Should return any (widened form of undefined)

tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames48_ES5.types

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ enum E { x }
 
 var a: any;
 >a : any
+>  : ^^^
 
 extractIndexer({
 >extractIndexer({    [a]: ""}) : string
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ extractIndexer({
 >[a] : string
 >    : ^^^^^^
 >a : any
+>  : ^^^
 >"" : ""
 >   : ^^
 

tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames48_ES6.errors.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+computedPropertyNames48_ES6.ts(16,6): error TS2873: This kind of expression is always falsy.
+
+
+==== computedPropertyNames48_ES6.ts (1 errors) ====
+    declare function extractIndexer<T>(p: { [n: number]: T }): T;
+
+    enum E { x }
+
+    var a: any;
+
+    extractIndexer({
+        [a]: ""
+    }); // Should return string
+
+    extractIndexer({
+        [E.x]: ""
+    }); // Should return string
+
+    extractIndexer({
+        ["" || 0]: ""
+         ~~
+!!! error TS2873: This kind of expression is always falsy.
+    }); // Should return any (widened form of undefined)