Improve Docker Image Build Process

[tekenstam]

Summary

This PR enhances the Docker image build process to improve build speed, reliability, and standards compliance.

Changes

Optimized Build Pipeline

• Reorganized the Docker image build workflow to run platform builds in parallel
• Split the process into separate build and push jobs for better performance
• Added proper caching configuration to speed up subsequent builds

OCI Compliance

• Added proper ARG declarations in the Dockerfile to receive build arguments
• Improved label formatting with proper quotes and values
• Implemented standardized OCI label generation via docker/metadata-action
• Added proper image versioning and timestamps

CI Improvements

• Improved conditional image pushing (skips on PRs)
• Added proper layer caching across builds
• Ensured image metadata is properly populated

Testing

The changes have been manually tested to ensure:

1. Container image builds succeed across platforms
2. OCI metadata is properly populated in the images
3. The new parallel build approach is more efficient

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 46.13%. Comparing base (bc318c0) to head (1ea058d).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #473   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   46.13%   46.13%           
=======================================
  Files          40       40           
  Lines        7004     7004           
=======================================
  Hits         3231     3231           
  Misses       3617     3617           
  Partials      156      156           

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