Enable publishing of versioned jaeger-v2 artifacts

[yurishkuro]

Which problem is this PR solving?

• Part of [jaeger-v2] Release process #5889

Description of the changes

• simplify all-in-one publishing by minimizing number of parameters passed from workflow (v1/v2 only instead of binary name and healthcheck flag - those are now set inside the script)
• implement overwrite -o flag in docker scripts to avoid accidental overriding of numbered releases
• simplify flags management in docker scripts via FLAGS array instead of individual variables
• fix base image building to respect selected platforms (by default it was building all)
• allow scripts/compute-version.sh to accept semver with -rcN suffix

How was this change tested?

• CI
• ran publish-release workflow manually https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/actions/runs/10865002272/job/30150937690

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 96.81%. Comparing base (7d6ebaa) to head (90695dd).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #5984      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   96.82%   96.81%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         345      345              
  Lines       16523    16523              
==========================================
- Hits        15998    15996       -2     
- Misses        339      340       +1     
- Partials      186      187       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
badger_v1	8.02% <ø> (ø)
badger_v2	1.82% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-4.x-v1	16.61% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-4.x-v2	1.75% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-5.x-v1	16.61% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-5.x-v2	1.75% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-6.x-v1	18.78% <ø> (+0.01%)	⬆️
elasticsearch-7.x-v1	18.83% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-8.x-v1	19.04% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-8.x-v2	1.81% <ø> (ø)
grpc_v1	9.52% <ø> (ø)
grpc_v2	7.15% <ø> (ø)
kafka-v1	9.74% <ø> (ø)
kafka-v2	1.82% <ø> (ø)
memory_v2	1.81% <ø> (-0.02%)	⬇️
opensearch-1.x-v1	18.88% <ø> (-0.02%)	⬇️
opensearch-2.x-v1	18.88% <ø> (ø)
opensearch-2.x-v2	1.82% <ø> (+0.01%)	⬆️
tailsampling-processor	0.46% <ø> (ø)
unittests	95.29% <ø> (-0.02%)	⬇️

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