Ere – Unified zkVM Interface & Toolkit

Compile. Execute. Prove. Verify.
One ergonomic Rust API, multiple zero‑knowledge virtual machines.

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Table of Contents

• Table of Contents
• Supported Rust Versions (MSRV)
• Overview
• Architecture
  • The Interface
  • Communication between Host and Guest
    • Reading Private Values from Host
    • Writing Public Values to Host
• Supported zkVMs
• Examples
  • With SDK Installation
    • 1. Install SDKs
    • 2. Create Guest Program
    • 3. Create Host
  • Docker-Only Setup
    • 1. Create Guest Program
    • 2. Create Host
• Directory Layout
• Contributing
• Disclaimer
• License

Supported Rust Versions (MSRV)

The current MSRV (minimum supported rust version) is 1.88.

Overview

This repository contains the following crates:

• Traits
  • ere-zkvm-interface - Compiler and zkVM traits for zkVM host operations
  • ere-platform-trait - Platform trait for guest program
• Per-zkVM implementations for ere-zkvm-interface (host)
  • ere-airbender
  • ere-jolt
  • ere-miden
  • ere-nexus
  • ere-openvm
  • ere-pico
  • ere-risc0
  • ere-sp1
  • ere-ziren
  • ere-zisk
• Per-zkVM implementations for ere-platform-trait (guest)
  • ere-platform-airbender
  • ere-platform-jolt
  • ere-platform-nexus
  • ere-platform-openvm
  • ere-platform-pico
  • ere-platform-risc0
  • ere-platform-sp1
  • ere-platform-ziren
  • ere-platform-zisk
• ere-dockerized - Docker wrapper implementation for ere-zkvm-interface of all zkVMs
• ere-io - Serialization utilities for host/guest IO communication
• Internal crates
  • ere-compiler - Cli to run Compiler used by ere-dockerized
  • ere-server - Server and client for zkVM operations used by ere-dockerized
  • ere-build-utils - Build-time utilities
  • ere-compile-utils - Compilation utilities
  • ere-test-utils - Testing utilities

Architecture

The Interface

ere-zkvm-interface provides traits for host:

• Compiler

  Compile a guest program into a zkVM-specific artifact (typically a RISC-V ELF, or a wrapper with preprocessing data).

• zkVM

  Execute, prove and verify that artifact. A zkVM instance is created for specific artifact that comes from the Compiler.

ere-platform-trait provides traits for guest program:

• Platform

  Provides platform dependent methods for IO read/write and cycle tracking. It also re-exports the runtime SDK of the zkVM, that is guaranteed to match the same version with the zkVM host when ere-{zkvm} and ere-platform-{zkvm} have the same version.

Communication between Host and Guest

Host and guest communicate through raw bytes. Serialization/deserialization can be done in any way as long as they agree with each other.

Reading Private Values from Host

The Input structure holds stdin as raw bytes. There are 2 ways to use it:

1. Input::new().with_prefixed_stdin(data) for Platform::read_whole_input()

   The Platform trait provides a unified interface to read the whole stdin. However, some zkVMs don't provide access to the stdin length, so we require it to have a length prefix.

   The method Input::with_prefixed_stdin automatically adds a LE u32 length prefix to the stdin. In the guest, Platform::read_whole_input will return only the actual data.

   Without the length prefix, the Platform::read_whole_input will cause guest panic at runtime.

2. Input::new().with_stdin(data) for zkVM-specific stdin APIs

   The method Input::with_stdin sets stdin without modification. Use this when you need direct access to zkVM-specific stdin APIs (e.g., sp1_zkvm::io::read, risc0_zkvm::guest::env::read), such as streaming reads or partial data consumption.

Writing Public Values to Host

Public values written in the guest program (via Platform::write_whole_output() or zkVM-specific output APIs) are returned as raw bytes to the host after zkVM::execute, zkVM::prove and zkVM::verify methods.

Different zkVMs handles public values in different approaches:

zkVM	Size Limit	Note
Airbender	32 bytes	Padded to 32 bytes with zeros
Jolt	4096 bytes (Configurable)
Miden	16 words	Word = Goldilocks field element
Nexus	unlimited	Size configured automatically
OpenVM	32 bytes	Padded to 32 bytes with zeros
Pico	unlimited	Hashed internally
Risc0	unlimited	Hashed internally
SP1	unlimited	Hashed internally
Ziren	unlimited	Hashed internally
Zisk	256 bytes

For zkVMs with size limits on public values, OutputHashedPlatform<P, D> serves as a wrapper that hashes outputs before calling the inner P::write_whole_output. This enables the same guest program to run across all zkVMs regardless of their size constraints:

OutputHashedPlatform::<OpenVMPlatform, Sha256>::write_whole_output(&large_output);

Supported zkVMs

zkVM	Version	GPU
Airbender	0.5.1	Yes
Jolt	0.3.0-alpha	No
Miden	0.19.1	No
Nexus	0.3.5	No
OpenVM	1.4.2	Yes
Pico	1.1.10	No
Risc0	3.0.4	Yes
SP1	5.2.3	Yes
Ziren	1.2.2	No
Zisk	0.13.0	Yes

Examples

With SDK Installation

Install the required zkVM SDKs locally for better performance and debugging.

1. Install SDKs

Install the SP1 SDK as an example

bash scripts/sdk_installers/install_sp1_sdk.sh

2. Create Guest Program

# guest/Cargo.toml

[workspace]

[package]
name = "guest"
edition = "2024"

[dependencies]
ere-platform-sp1 = { git = "https://github.com/eth-act/ere.git" }

// guest/src/main.rs

#![no_main]

use ere_platform_sp1::{sp1_zkvm, Platform, SP1Platform};

sp1_zkvm::entrypoint!(main);

type P = SP1Platform;

pub fn main() {
    // Read serialized input and deserialize it.
    let input = P::read_whole_input();
    let n = u64::from_le_bytes(input.as_slice().try_into().unwrap());

    // Compute nth fib.
    let fib_n = fib(n);

    // Write serialized output.
    let output = [input, fib_n.to_le_bytes().to_vec()].concat();
    P::write_whole_output(&output);
}

fn fib(n: u64) -> u64 {
    let mut a = 0;
    let mut b = 1;
    for _ in 0..n {
        let c = a + b;
        a = b;
        b = c;
    }
    a
}

3. Create Host

# host/Cargo.toml

[workspace]

[package]
name = "host"
edition = "2024"

[dependencies]
ere-zkvm-interface = { git = "https://github.com/eth-act/ere.git" }
ere-sp1 = { git = "https://github.com/eth-act/ere.git" }

// host/src/main.rs

use ere_sp1::{compiler::RustRv32imaCustomized, zkvm::EreSP1};
use ere_zkvm_interface::{
    compiler::Compiler,
    zkvm::{Input, ProofKind, ProverResourceType, zkVM},
};
use std::path::Path;

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let guest_directory = Path::new("path/to/guest");

    // Compile guest program with SP1 customized toolchain
    let compiler = RustRv32imaCustomized;
    let program = compiler.compile(guest_directory)?;

    // Create zkVM instance (setup/preprocessing happens here)
    let zkvm = EreSP1::new(program, ProverResourceType::Cpu)?;

    // Prepare input
    // Use `with_prefixed_stdin` when guest uses `Platform::read_whole_input()`
    let input = Input::new().with_prefixed_stdin(10u64.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
    let expected_output = [input, 55u64.to_le_bytes()].concat();

    // Execute
    let (public_values, report) = zkvm.execute(&input)?;
    assert_eq!(public_values, expected_output);
    println!("Execution cycles: {}", report.total_num_cycles);

    // Prove
    let (public_values, proof, report) = zkvm.prove(&input, ProofKind::default())?;
    assert_eq!(public_values, expected_output);
    println!("Proving time: {:?}", report.proving_time);

    // Verify
    let public_values = zkvm.verify(&proof)?;
    assert_eq!(public_values, expected_output);
    println!("Proof verified successfully!");

    Ok(())
}

Docker-Only Setup

Use Docker for zkVM operations without installing SDKs locally. Only requires Docker to be installed.

1. Create Guest Program

We use the same guest program created above.

2. Create Host

# host/Cargo.toml

[workspace]

[package]
name = "host"
edition = "2024"

[dependencies]
ere-zkvm-interface = { git = "https://github.com/eth-act/ere.git" }
ere-dockerized = { git = "https://github.com/eth-act/ere.git" }

// host/src/main.rs

use ere_dockerized::{CompilerKind, DockerizedCompiler, DockerizedzkVM, zkVMKind};
use ere_zkvm_interface::{
    compiler::Compiler,
    zkvm::{Input, ProofKind, ProverResourceType, zkVM},
};
use std::path::Path;

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let guest_directory = Path::new("path/to/guest");

    // Compile guest program with SP1 customized toolchain (builds Docker images if needed)
    let compiler =
        DockerizedCompiler::new(zkVMKind::SP1, CompilerKind::RustCustomized, guest_directory)?;
    let program = compiler.compile(guest_directory)?;

    // Create zkVM instance (builds Docker images if needed)
    // It spawns a container that runs a gRPC server handling zkVM operations
    let zkvm = DockerizedzkVM::new(zkVMKind::SP1, program, ProverResourceType::Cpu)?;

    // Prepare input
    // Use `with_prefixed_stdin` when guest uses `Platform::read_whole_input()`
    let input = Input::new().with_prefixed_stdin(10u64.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
    let expected_output = [input, 55u64.to_le_bytes()].concat();

    // Execute
    let (public_values, report) = zkvm.execute(&input)?;
    assert_eq!(public_values, expected_output);
    println!("Execution cycles: {}", report.total_num_cycles);

    // Prove
    let (public_values, proof, report) = zkvm.prove(&input, ProofKind::default())?;
    assert_eq!(public_values, expected_output);
    println!("Proving time: {:?}", report.proving_time);

    // Verify
    let public_values = zkvm.verify(&proof)?;
    assert_eq!(public_values, expected_output);
    println!("Proof verified successfully!");

    Ok(())
}

Directory Layout

ere/
├── crates/                        # Rust crates
│   ├── zkvm-interface/            # ere-zkvm-interface
│   │   └── platform/              # ere-platform-trait
│   ├── zkvm/
│   │   └── {zkvm}/                # ere-{zkvm}
│   │       └── platform/          # ere-platform-{zkvm}
│   ├── dockerized/                # ere-dockerized
│   │   ├── compiler/              # ere-compiler
│   │   └── server/                # ere-server
│   ├── io/                        # ere-io
│   ├── build-utils/               # ere-build-utils
│   ├── compile-utils/             # ere-compile-utils
│   └── test-utils/                # ere-test-utils
│
├── docker/                        # Dockerfile used by ere-dockerized
│   ├── Dockerfile.base            # ere-base
│   └── {zkvm}/
│       ├── Dockerfile.base        # ere-base-{zkvm}
│       ├── Dockerfile.compiler    # ere-compiler-{zkvm}
│       └── Dockerfile.server      # ere-server-{zkvm}
│
├── scripts/                       # SDK installation scripts per zkVM
└── tests/                         # Guest programs per zkVM for integration test

Contributing

PRs and issues are welcome!

Disclaimer

zkVMs evolve quickly; expect breaking changes. Although the API is generic, its primary target is zkEVMs, which may for example, guide the default set of precompiles.

License

Licensed under either of

• MIT license (LICENSE‑MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
• Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE‑APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)

at your option.