feat: Support matrix: links

[ShadowRZ]

Content

Supports matrix: links by delegating matrix: URI parsing to Rust SDK too

Motivation and context

Closes #4800

Screenshots / GIFs

Tests

• Step 1: Use adb to open some matrix: links

Tested devices

• Physical
• Emulator
• OS version(s): Android 15

Checklist

• Changes have been tested on an Android device or Android emulator with API 24
• UI change has been tested on both light and dark themes
• Accessibility has been taken into account. See https://github.com/element-hq/element-x-android/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md#accessibility
• Pull request is based on the develop branch
• Pull request title will be used in the release note, it clearly define what will change for the user
• Pull request includes screenshots or videos if containing UI changes
• You've made a self review of your PR

[github-actions]

Thank you for your contribution! Here are a few things to check in the PR to ensure it's reviewed as quickly as possible:

• Your branch should be based on origin/develop, at least when it was created.
• The title of the PR will be used for release notes, so it needs to describe the change visible to the user.
• The test pass locally running ./gradlew test.
• The code quality check suite pass locally running ./gradlew runQualityChecks.
• If you modified anything related to the UI, including previews, you'll have to run the Record screenshots GH action in your forked repo: that will generate compatible new screenshots. However, given Github Actions limitations, it will prevent the CI from running temporarily, until you upload a new commit after that one. To do so, just pull the latest changes and push an empty commit.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.44%. Comparing base (de194e0) to head (725eccd).
Report is 13 commits behind head on develop.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...es/matrix/impl/permalink/DefaultPermalinkParser.kt	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #4839      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    80.45%   80.44%   -0.01%     
===========================================
  Files         2140     2140              
  Lines        56773    56775       +2     
  Branches      7117     7118       +1     
===========================================
- Hits         45674    45672       -2     
- Misses        8664     8665       +1     
- Partials      2435     2438       +3     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.

[bmarty]

Thanks for the PR!
Ideally you could add some samples as bash files in this folder https://github.com/element-hq/element-x-android/tree/main/tools/adb, but it's not blocking from merging this PR. It both helps to document / test the feature.
Not blocking though!

[bmarty]

For reference, this is "implementing" (the actual implementation is in the SDK) matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals#2312 on Element X Android.

[bmarty]

Thanks!