fix: hash length is not validated in ConsensusState

[yihuang]

Description

closes: #8775

---

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• Linked to GitHub issue with discussion and accepted design, OR link to spec that describes this work.
• Include changelog entry when appropriate (e.g. chores should be omitted from changelog).
• Wrote unit and integration tests if relevant.
• Updated documentation (docs/) if anything is changed.
• Added godoc comments if relevant.
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• Provide a conventional commit message to follow the repository standards.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 64.81%. Comparing base (2b9a1e8) to head (bd1a3b0).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #8774      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   66.59%   64.81%   -1.79%     
==========================================
  Files         326       14     -312     
  Lines       17112      557   -16555     
==========================================
- Hits        11396      361   -11035     
+ Misses       5022      170    -4852     
+ Partials      694       26     -668     

Flag	Coverage Δ
08-wasm	64.81% <ø> (ø)
ibc-go	?

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