I'm guessing this is caused by the recent switch to glibc from uclibc.
Cannot reproduce on pure upstream buildroot master 9152387703707bd1c8c49e7978ef47aec3f8baeb (post 2019.02) on Ubuntu 18.10 host:
make qemu_aarch64_virt_defconfig
make menuconfig
make BR2_JLEVEL="$(nproc)"
qemu-system-aarch64 \
-M virt \
-append "root=/dev/vda console=ttyAMA0" \
-cpu cortex-a57 \
-device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 \
-device virtio-net-device,netdev=eth0 \
-drive file=output/images/rootfs.ext4,if=none,format=raw,id=hd0 \
-kernel output/images/Image \
-netdev user,id=eth0 \
-nographic \
-smp 1
Edit: reproduce problem on tag: 2018.08 I can't find with git log --grep the commit that fixed it easily however, so I'll just update buildroot when new tag comes out.