Build backend failed to build wheel through `build_wheel()` - wrong architecture

[CatamountJack]

Using uv (via rye), it can't create x86 wheels for (some) dependencies on my x64 machine.

I created my project with Python 3.12.2 x64 and all worked well, but I wanted to build a 32-bit executable. In rye, I set my .python-version to cpython-x86@3.12.2 and then ran rye sync. This worked great on a different project, but the current project depends on pandas and it's choking while trying to build a wheel for that.

uv version: uv 0.1.37 (645d0399f 2024-04-23)

rye version:

commit: 0.33.0 (58523f69f 2024-04-24)
platform: windows (x86_64)
self-python: cpython@3.12.2
symlink support: true
uv enabled: true

Platform: Windows 11 Pro 23H2 on x64

Traceback:

error: Failed to download distributions
  Caused by: Failed to fetch wheel: pandas==2.2.1
  Caused by: Failed to build: `pandas==2.2.1`
  Caused by: Build backend failed to build wheel through `build_wheel()` with exit code: 1
--- stdout:
+ meson setup C:\Users\abcdefg\AppData\Local\uv\cache\built-wheels-v3\index\b2a7eb67d4c26b82\pandas\2.2.1\mKNob4WeHbOZ108PaIHLq\pandas-2.2.1.tar.gz C:\Users\abcdefg\AppData\Local\uv\cach
e\built-wheels-v3\index\b2a7eb67d4c26b82\pandas\2.2.1\mKNob4WeHbOZ108PaIHLq\pandas-2.2.1.tar.gz\.mesonpy-jm3uwz41\build -Dbuildtype=release -Db_ndebug=if-release -Db_vscrt=md --vsenv
 --native-file=C:\Users\abcdefg\AppData\Local\uv\cache\built-wheels-v3\index\b2a7eb67d4c26b82\pandas\2.2.1\mKNob4WeHbOZ108PaIHLq\pandas-2.2.1.tar.gz\.mesonpy-jm3uwz41\build\meson-python-native-file.ini
The Meson build system
Version: 1.2.1
Source dir: C:\Users\abcdefg\AppData\Local\uv\cache\built-wheels-v3\index\b2a7eb67d4c26b82\pandas\2.2.1\mKNob4WeHbOZ108PaIHLq\pandas-2.2.1.tar.gz
Build dir: C:\Users\abcdefg\AppData\Local\uv\cache\built-wheels-v3\index\b2a7eb67d4c26b82\pandas\2.2.1\mKNob4WeHbOZ108PaIHLq\pandas-2.2.1.tar.gz\.mesonpy-jm3uwz41\build
Build type: native build
Project name: pandas
Project version: 2.2.1
Activating VS 17.4.4
C compiler for the host machine: cl (msvc 19.34.31937 "Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.34.31937 for x64")
C linker for the host machine: link link 14.34.31937.0
C++ compiler for the host machine: cl (msvc 19.34.31937 "Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.34.31937 for x64")
C++ linker for the host machine: link link 14.34.31937.0
Cython compiler for the host machine: cython (cython 3.0.5)
Host machine cpu family: x86_64
Host machine cpu: x86_64
Program python found: YES (C:\Users\abcdefg\AppData\Local\uv\cache\.tmpDIdfXM\.venv\Scripts\python.exe)
Need python for x86_64, but found x86
Run-time dependency python found: NO (tried sysconfig)

..\..\pandas\_libs\tslibs\meson.build:32:7: ERROR: Python dependency not found

A full log can be found at C:\Users\abcdefg\AppData\Local\uv\cache\built-wheels-v3\index\b2a7eb67d4c26b82\pandas\2.2.1\mKNob4WeHbOZ108PaIHLq\pandas-2.2.1.tar.gz\.mesonpy-jm3uwz41\build\meson-logs\meson-log.txt
--- stderr:

---
error: Installation of dependencies failed in venv at C:\dev\source\tools\EvaluateWeights\.venv. uv exited with status: exit code: 2

Looks like maybe it's trying to use the x64 compiler instead of a 32-bit one? (is there anything additional I would need to do, like install a separate x86 compiler on my machine?)

[suryavirkapur]

Same Error

uv version: uv 0.1.18 (43dc9c87a 2024-03-13)
platform: Windows 11 Pro 23H2 on x64
tracelog:

Resolved 41 packages in 11ms
error: Failed to download distributions
  Caused by: Failed to fetch wheel: scikit-learn==1.0.2
  Caused by: Failed to build: scikit-learn==1.0.2
  Caused by: Build backend failed to build wheel through `build_wheel()` with exit code: 1
--- stdout:
INFO: No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
INFO: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\include -IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\ATLMFC\include -IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\um -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\shared -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\winrt -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\cppwinrt -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um /Tctest_program.c /Foobjects\test_program.obj
INFO: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\bin\HostX86\x64\link.exe /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=1 /LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\ATLMFC\lib\x64 /LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\lib\x64 /LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\lib\um\x64 /LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.22000.0\ucrt\x64 /LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\lib\10.0.22000.0\\um\x64 objects\test_program.obj /OUT:test_program.exe
INFO: No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils\

[konstin]

Could you run with -v and share the log as gist?

[CatamountJack]

Log (of rye sync -v) here. Not sure if rye is passing -v to uv or not, I'm not using uv directly.

[vfilter]

Having the same issue with pandas 2.1.0. 2.2.2 works just fine. However, my architecture is not x86 but AARCH64

[IndrajeetPatil]

I am seeing the same issue while building a Docker image on a Windows machine:

The relevant part Dockerfile:

FROM python:3.13-slim-bookworm
COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:latest /uv /bin/uv

WORKDIR /app
COPY . /app/

RUN uv sync --frozen

Error log:

 => ERROR [backend stage-0 5/6] RUN uv sync --frozen                                                                                                                                                                                                                            9.0s 
------
 > [backend stage-0 5/6] RUN uv sync --frozen:
0.800 Using CPython 3.13.0 interpreter at: /usr/local/bin/python
0.800 Creating virtual environment at: .venv
8.674 error: Failed to prepare distributions
8.674   Caused by: Failed to download and build `geventhttpclient==2.3.1`
8.674   Caused by: Build backend failed to build wheel through `build_wheel` (exit status: 1)
8.675
8.675 [stderr]
8.675 warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'tests'
8.675 warning: no previously-included files matching '__pycache__' found anywhere in distribution
8.675 warning: no previously-included files matching '*.py[co]' found anywhere in distribution
8.675 error: command 'gcc' failed: No such file or directory
------
failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c uv sync --frozen" did not complete successfully: exit code: 2

[charliermarsh]

That just looks like you're missing gcc. Maybe one of your dependencies doesn't ship Python 3.13 wheels yet? You can either install gcc to enable building from source, or try using a version like Python 3.12.

[brunolnetto]

Hi, @charliermarsh. I just got the same error for specifically for library factory, logs below., after running uv sync Do you have any idea solving this issue? My python version on command run python3 --version is Python 3.10.12.

  × Failed to download and build `factory==1.2`
  ╰─▶ Build backend failed to determine requirements with `build_wheel()` (exit status: 1)

      [stderr]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "<string>", line 14, in <module>
        File "/home/brunolnetto/.cache/uv/builds-v0/.tmpanGVjU/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 334, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])
        File "/home/brunolnetto/.cache/uv/builds-v0/.tmpanGVjU/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 304, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "/home/brunolnetto/.cache/uv/builds-v0/.tmpanGVjU/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 522, in run_setup
          super().run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
        File "/home/brunolnetto/.cache/uv/builds-v0/.tmpanGVjU/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 320, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 11, in <module>
      NameError: name 'file' is not defined. Did you mean: 'filter'?
```

[zanieb]

@brunolnetto that's a different issue than being discussed here and doesn't look related to uv (it's a build failure when invoking the setup script for that package)

[mike-hearn]

I'm encountering the same issue when trying to uv sync a project with the uwsgi package.

The one detail I can offer is that using two different tools that self-install Python have different results:

uv venv --python 3.9.12 --seed downloads Python 3.9, installs it in the .venv, and gives me a build error:

  × Failed to download and build `uwsgi==2.0.28`
  ╰─▶ Build backend failed to build wheel through `build_wheel` (exit status: 1)

      [stdout]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      copying uwsgidecorators.py -> build/lib
      installing to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel
......

Using mise to create the venv with a mise.toml that looks like this:

[tools]
python = "3.9"

[env]
_.python.venv = { path = ".venv", create = "true" }

This downloads Python 3.9, installs it in .venv, and successfully builds uwsgi.

I don't know the differences between the two variations of Python 3.9 that these two tools install, but the mise version works and the uv version does not.

[zanieb]

@mike-hearn I can't really diagnose the difference between mise and uv, but you can resolve that failure by adding the Python version's library to LDFLAGS, e.g.: LDFLAGS=-L/root/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.9.20-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib. I tested that with:

docker run --platform linux/x86_64 -e LDFLAGS=-L/root/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.9.20-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib --rm -it ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:bookworm /bin/bash -c "apt update && apt install clang -y && uv venv -p 3.9 && uv pip install uwsgi==2.0.28"

[gmaOCR]

Got the same in a docker during a build in armv7. Dependecies installed with uv pip install

Using Python 3.11.10 environment at: /venv
39.23   × Failed to download and build `run==0.2`
39.23   ╰─▶ Build backend failed to determine requirements with `build_wheel()`
39.23       (exit status: 1)
39.23 
39.23       [stderr]
39.23       Traceback (most recent call last):
39.23         File "<string>", line 14, in <module>
39.23         File
39.23       "/root/.cache/uv/builds-v0/.tmpofEZnh/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py",
39.23       line 334, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
39.23           return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])
39.23                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
39.23         File
39.23       "/root/.cache/uv/builds-v0/.tmpofEZnh/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py",
39.23       line 304, in _get_build_requires
39.23           self.run_setup()
39.23         File
39.23       "/root/.cache/uv/builds-v0/.tmpofEZnh/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py",
39.23       line 522, in run_setup
39.23           super().run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
39.23         File
39.23       "/root/.cache/uv/builds-v0/.tmpofEZnh/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py",
39.23       line 320, in run_setup
39.23           exec(code, locals())
39.23         File "<string>", line 12, in <module>
39.23       NameError: name 'file' is not defined. Did you mean: 'filter'?

[zanieb]

@gmaOCR Please open a new issue, that is not the same error as the OP encountered. See #9452. The build failure guide might be helpful.

I'm going to close this issue because we keep getting unrelated reports.