fix(sbom): add SBOM file's filePath as Application FilePath if we can't detect its path

docs/docs/target/container_image.md

@@ -403,9 +403,20 @@ Trivy supports the generation of Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) for container
 
 ### Generation
 Trivy can generate SBOM for container images.
-See [here](../supply-chain/sbom.md) for the detail.
+See [here](../supply-chain/sbom.md) for details.
 
-### Discovery
+### Discover SBOM inside container images
+Trivy can search for Software Bill of Materials (SBOMs) within container image files and scan their components for vulnerabilities.
+
+#### Third-party SBOM files
+SBOM specifications define key requirements for component documentation[^2].
+However, different tools and systems often have varying approaches to documenting component types and their relationships.
+
+Due to these variations, Trivy cannot always accurately interpret SBOMs generated by other tools.
+For example, it may have difficulty determining the correct file paths to component information files (such as lock files or binaries).
+In such cases, Trivy uses the path to the scanned SBOM file itself to maintain traceability and ensure accurate dependency reporting.
+
+### Discover SBOM referencing the container image
 Trivy can search for Software Bill of Materials (SBOMs) that reference container images.
 If an SBOM is found, the vulnerability scan is performed using the SBOM instead of the container image.
 By using the SBOM, you can perform a vulnerability scan more quickly, as it allows you to skip pulling the container image and analyzing its layers.
@@ -551,3 +562,4 @@ Error: uncompressed image size (15GB) exceeds maximum allowed size (10GB)
 ```
 
 [^1]: Trivy uses decimal (SI) prefixes (based on 1000) for size.
+[^2]: SPDX uses `package` instead of `component`.

pkg/fanal/analyzer/sbom/sbom.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
 	"path"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"golang.org/x/xerrors"
@@ -58,10 +57,14 @@ func (a sbomAnalyzer) Analyze(ctx context.Context, input analyzer.AnalysisInput)
 		bom.Packages[i].FilePath = path.Join(input.FilePath, pkgInfo.FilePath)
 	}
 
-	// FilePath for apps with aggregatingTypes is empty.
-	// Set the SBOM file path as Application.FilePath to correctly overwrite applications when merging layers.
+	// There are cases when FilePath for Application is empty:
+	// - FilePath for apps with aggregatingTypes is empty.
+	// - Third party SBOM without Application component.
+	// We need to use SBOM file path as Application.FilePath to correctly:
+	// - overwrite applications when merging layers. See https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/issues/7851
+	// - show FilePath as Target of Application. See https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/issues/8189.
 	for i, app := range bom.Applications {
-		if slices.Contains(ftypes.AggregatingTypes, app.Type) && app.FilePath == "" {
+		if app.FilePath == "" {
 			bom.Applications[i].FilePath = input.FilePath
 		}
 	}

pkg/fanal/analyzer/sbom/sbom_test.go

@@ -165,6 +165,57 @@ func Test_sbomAnalyzer_Analyze(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			wantErr: require.NoError,
 		},
+		{
+			name:     "valid sbom spdx file without application component",
+			file:     "testdata/sbom-without-app-component.spdx.json",
+			filePath: "layers/sbom/launch/buildpacksio_lifecycle/launcher/sbom.spdx.json",
+			want: &analyzer.AnalysisResult{
+				Applications: []types.Application{
+					{
+						Type:     types.GoBinary,
+						FilePath: "layers/sbom/launch/buildpacksio_lifecycle/launcher/sbom.spdx.json",
+						Packages: types.Packages{
+							{
+								ID:      "github.com/buildpacks/[email protected]",
+								Name:    "github.com/buildpacks/lifecycle",
+								Version: "v0.20.2",
+								Identifier: types.PkgIdentifier{
+									PURL: &packageurl.PackageURL{
+										Type:      packageurl.TypeGolang,
+										Namespace: "github.com/buildpacks",
+										Name:      "lifecycle",
+										Version:   "v0.20.2",
+									},
+								},
+								Licenses: []string{
+									"NOASSERTION",
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Type:     types.Jar,
+						FilePath: "layers/sbom/launch/buildpacksio_lifecycle/launcher/sbom.spdx.json",
+						Packages: types.Packages{
+							{
+								ID:      "co.elastic.apm:apm-agent:1.36.0",
+								Name:    "co.elastic.apm:apm-agent",
+								Version: "1.36.0",
+								Identifier: types.PkgIdentifier{
+									PURL: &packageurl.PackageURL{
+										Type:      packageurl.TypeMaven,
+										Namespace: "co.elastic.apm",
+										Name:      "apm-agent",
+										Version:   "1.36.0",
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: require.NoError,
+		},
 		{
 			name:     "valid postgresql spdx file",
 			file:     "testdata/postgresql.spdx.json",

pkg/fanal/analyzer/sbom/testdata/sbom-without-app-component.spdx.json

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+{
+  "spdxVersion": "SPDX-2.3",
+  "dataLicense": "CC0-1.0",
+  "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-DOCUMENT",
+  "name": "launcher",
+  "documentNamespace": "https://anchore.com/syft/file/launcher-268e7779-ba66-4422-a5b0-d4d83f7b5d8c",
+  "creationInfo": {
+    "licenseListVersion": "3.25",
+    "creators": [
+      "Organization: Anchore, Inc",
+      "Tool: syft-1.13.0"
+    ],
+    "created": "2024-09-25T21:11:50Z"
+  },
+  "packages": [
+    {
+      "name": "co.elastic.apm:apm-agent",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-Package-f0db45781e6813a1",
+      "versionInfo": "1.36.0",
+      "supplier": "NOASSERTION",
+      "downloadLocation": "NONE",
+      "licenseConcluded": "NONE",
+      "licenseDeclared": "NONE",
+      "copyrightText": "NOASSERTION",
+      "externalRefs": [
+        {
+          "referenceCategory": "PACKAGE_MANAGER",
+          "referenceType": "purl",
+          "referenceLocator": "pkg:maven/co.elastic.apm/[email protected]"
+        }
+      ],
+      "filesAnalyzed": false
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "github.com/buildpacks/lifecycle",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-Package-go-module-github.zerozr99.workers.dev-buildpacks-lifecycle-89c3bd8d4c2e75b7",
+      "versionInfo": "v0.20.2",
+      "supplier": "NOASSERTION",
+      "downloadLocation": "NOASSERTION",
+      "filesAnalyzed": false,
+      "sourceInfo": "acquired package info from go module information: /launcher",
+      "licenseConcluded": "NOASSERTION",
+      "licenseDeclared": "NOASSERTION",
+      "copyrightText": "NOASSERTION",
+      "externalRefs": [
+        {
+          "referenceCategory": "SECURITY",
+          "referenceType": "cpe23Type",
+          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:buildpacks:lifecycle:v0.20.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
+        },
+        {
+          "referenceCategory": "PACKAGE-MANAGER",
+          "referenceType": "purl",
+          "referenceLocator": "pkg:golang/github.com/buildpacks/[email protected]"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "launcher",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-DocumentRoot-File-launcher",
+      "versionInfo": "sha256:716665ae98fb4b4675d5184f80884547597d47be1395d1049dc9e16035f32cc1",
+      "supplier": "NOASSERTION",
+      "downloadLocation": "NOASSERTION",
+      "filesAnalyzed": false,
+      "checksums": [
+        {
+          "algorithm": "SHA256",
+          "checksumValue": "716665ae98fb4b4675d5184f80884547597d47be1395d1049dc9e16035f32cc1"
+        }
+      ],
+      "licenseConcluded": "NOASSERTION",
+      "licenseDeclared": "NOASSERTION",
+      "primaryPackagePurpose": "FILE"
+    }
+  ],
+  "files": [
+    {
+      "fileName": "/launcher",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-File-launcher-361242815a383bec",
+      "checksums": [
+        {
+          "algorithm": "SHA1",
+          "checksumValue": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+        }
+      ],
+      "licenseConcluded": "NOASSERTION",
+      "licenseInfoInFiles": [
+        "NOASSERTION"
+      ],
+      "copyrightText": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "relationships": [
+    {
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-Package-go-module-github.zerozr99.workers.dev-buildpacks-lifecycle-89c3bd8d4c2e75b7",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-File-launcher-361242815a383bec",
+      "relationshipType": "OTHER",
+      "comment": "evident-by: indicates the package's existence is evident by the given file"
+    },
+    {
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-DocumentRoot-File-launcher",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-Package-go-module-github.zerozr99.workers.dev-buildpacks-lifecycle-89c3bd8d4c2e75b7",
+      "relationshipType": "CONTAINS"
+    },
+    {
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-DOCUMENT",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-DocumentRoot-File-launcher",
+      "relationshipType": "DESCRIBES"
+    }
+  ]
+}