A treebank is a corpus where the sentences in each language are syntactically (if necessary morphologically) annotated. In the treebanks, the syntactic annotation usually follows constituent and/or dependency structure.
Treebanks annotated for the syntactic or semantic structures of the sentences are essential for developing state-of-the-art statistical natural language processing (NLP) systems including part-of-speech-taggers, syntactic parsers, and machine translation systems. There are two main groups of syntactic treebanks, namely treebanks annotated for constituency (phrase structure) and the ones that are annotated for dependency structure.
We extend the original format with the relevant information, given between curly braces. For example, the word 'problem' in a sentence in the standard Penn Treebank notation, may be represented in the data format provided below:
(NN problem)
After all levels of processing are finished, the data structure stored for the same word has the following form in the system.
(NN {turkish=sorunu} {english=problem}
{morphologicalAnalysis=sorun+NOUN+A3SG+PNON+ACC}
{metaMorphemes=sorun+yH}
{semantics=TUR10-0703650})
As is self-explanatory, 'turkish' tag shows the original Turkish word; 'morphologicalanalysis' tag shows the correct morphological parse of that word; 'semantics' tag shows the ID of the correct sense of that word; 'namedEntity' tag shows the named entity tag of that word; 'propbank' tag shows the semantic role of that word for the verb synset id (frame id in the frame file) which is also given in that tag.
You can also see Java, Python, Cython, C++, C, Js, Php, or C# repository.
- Xcode Editor
- Git
Install the latest version of Git.
In order to work on code, create a fork from GitHub page. Use Git for cloning the code to your local or below line for Ubuntu:
git clone <your-fork-git-link>
A directory called AnnotatedSentence-Swift will be created. Or you can use below link for exploring the code:
git clone https://github.com/starlangsoftware/AnnotatedTree-Swift.git
To import projects from Git with version control:
-
XCode IDE, select Clone an Existing Project.
-
In the Import window, paste github URL.
-
Click Clone.
Result: The imported project is listed in the Project Explorer view and files are loaded.
From IDE
After being done with the downloading and opening project, select Build option from Product menu. After compilation process, user can run AnnotatedTree-Swift.
To load an annotated TreeBank:
TreeBankDrawable(folder: String, pattern: String)
TreeBankDrawable(folder: String)
To access all the trees in a TreeBankDrawable:
for (int i = 0; i < a.sentenceCount(); i++){
let parseTree = a[i]
....
}
To load a saved ParseTreeDrawable:
ParseTreeDrawable(url : URL)
is used. Usually it is more useful to load TreeBankDrawable as explained above than to load ParseTree one by one.
To find the node number of a ParseTreeDrawable:
nodeCount() -> Int
the leaf number of a ParseTreeDrawable:
leafCount() -> Int
the word count in a ParseTreeDrawable:
wordCount(excludeStopWords: Bool)- > Int
above methods can be used.
Information of an annotated word is kept in LayerInfo class. To access the morphological analysis of the annotated word:
getMorphologicalParseAt(index: Int) -> MorphologicalParse
meaning of an annotated word:
getSemanticAt(index: Int) -> String
the shallow parse tag (e.g., subject, indirect object etc.) of annotated word:
getShallowParseAt(index: Int) -> String
the argument tag of the annotated word:
getArgumentAt(index: Int) -> Argument
the word count in a node:
int getNumberOfWords()
@inproceedings{yildiz-etal-2014-constructing,
title = "Constructing a {T}urkish-{E}nglish Parallel {T}ree{B}ank",
author = {Y{\i}ld{\i}z, Olcay Taner and
Solak, Ercan and
G{\"o}rg{\"u}n, Onur and
Ehsani, Razieh},
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
month = jun,
year = "2014",
address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2019",
doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2019",
pages = "112--117",
}
- Dependencies should be given w.r.t github.
dependencies: [
.package(name: "MorphologicalAnalysis", url: "https://github.com/StarlangSoftware/TurkishMorphologicalAnalysis-Swift.git", .exact("1.0.6"))],
- Targets should include direct dependencies, files to be excluded, and all resources.
targets: [
.target(
dependencies: ["MorphologicalAnalysis"],
exclude: ["turkish1944_dictionary.txt", "turkish1944_wordnet.xml",
"turkish1955_dictionary.txt", "turkish1955_wordnet.xml",
"turkish1959_dictionary.txt", "turkish1959_wordnet.xml",
"turkish1966_dictionary.txt", "turkish1966_wordnet.xml",
"turkish1969_dictionary.txt", "turkish1969_wordnet.xml",
"turkish1974_dictionary.txt", "turkish1974_wordnet.xml",
"turkish1983_dictionary.txt", "turkish1983_wordnet.xml",
"turkish1988_dictionary.txt", "turkish1988_wordnet.xml",
"turkish1998_dictionary.txt", "turkish1998_wordnet.xml"],
resources:
[.process("turkish_wordnet.xml"),.process("english_wordnet_version_31.xml"),.process("english_exception.xml")]),
- Test targets should include test directory.
.testTarget(
name: "WordNetTests",
dependencies: ["WordNet"]),
- Add data files to the project folder.
- Do not forget to comment each function.
/**
* Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped.
- Parameters:
- id: String id of a key
- Returns: value of the specified key
*/
public func singleMap(id: String) -> String{
return map[id]!
}
- Do not forget to define classes as open in order to be able to extend them in other packages.
open class Word : Comparable, Equatable, Hashable
- Function names should follow caml case.
public func map(id: String)->String?
- Write getter and setter methods.
public func getSynSetId() -> String{
public func setOrigin(origin: String){
- Use separate test class extending XCTestCase for testing purposes.
final class WordNetTest: XCTestCase {
var turkish : WordNet = WordNet()
func testSize() {
XCTAssertEqual(78326, turkish.size())
}
- Enumerated types should be declared as enum.
public enum CategoryType : String{
case MATHEMATICS
case SPORT
case MUSIC
- Implement == operator and hasher method for hashing purposes.
public func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher) {
hasher.combine(name)
}
public static func == (lhs: Relation, rhs: Relation) -> Bool {
return lhs.name == rhs.name
}
- Make classes Comparable for comparison, Equatable for equality, and Hashable for hashing check.
open class Word : Comparable, Equatable, Hashable
- Implement < operator for comparison purposes.
public static func < (lhs: Word, rhs: Word) -> Bool {
return lhs.name < rhs.name
}
- Implement description for toString method.
open func description() -> String{
- Use Bundle and XMLParserDelegate for parsing Xml files.
let url = Bundle.module.url(forResource: fileName, withExtension: "xml")
var parser : XMLParser = XMLParser(contentsOf: url!)!
parser.delegate = self
parser.parse()
also use parser method.
public func parser(_ parser: XMLParser, didStartElement elementName: String, namespaceURI: String?, qualifiedName qName: String?, attributes attributeDict: [String : String])