DOTA-DOAI

Abstract

This repo is the codebase for our team to participate in DOTA related competitions, including rotation and horizontal detection. We mainly use FPN-based two-stage detector, and it is completed by Xue Yang and Jirui Yang.

We also recommend two rotated/oriented object detection benchmarks, which are led by Xue Yang and Yue Zhou.

• AlpahaRotate-TF
• MMRotate-Pytorch

Performance

DOTA1.0 (Task1)

Model	Backbone	Training data	Val data	mAP	Model Link	Tricks	lr schd	Data Augmentation	GPU	Image/GPU	Configs
FPN	ResNet152_v1d (600,800,1024)->MS	DOTA1.0 trainval	DOTA1.0 test	78.99	model	ALL	2x	Yes	2X GeForce RTX 2080 Ti	1	cfgs_dota1.0_res152_v1.py

DOTA1.0 (Task2)

Model	Backbone	Training data	Val data	mAP	Model Link	Tricks	lr schd	Data Augmentation	GPU	Image/GPU	Configs
FPN (memory consumption)	ResNet152_v1d (600,800,1024)->MS	DOTA1.0 trainval	DOTA1.0 test	81.23	model	ALL	2x	Yes	2X Quadro RTX 8000	1	cfgs_dota1.0_res152_v1.py

Visualization

Performance of published papers on DOTA datasets

DOTA1.0 (Task1)

HBox-supervised Model	Backbone	mAP	Paper Link	Code Link	Remark	Recommend
H2RBox	ResNet50	74.40	ICLR2023	Pytorch, Jittor	weak- and self-supervised	✅

RBox-supervised Model	Backbone	mAP	Paper Link	Code Link	Remark	Recommend
FR-O (DOTA)	ResNet101	52.93	CVPR2018	MXNet	DOTA dataset, baseline	✅
IENet	ResNet101	57.14	arXiv:1912.00969	-	anchor free
TOSO	ResNet101	57.52	ICASSP2020	-	geometric transformation
Wang et al.	HRNet	58.29	Comput. Electr. Eng.	-	anchor free
PIoU Loss	DLA-34	60.5	ECCV2020	PyTorch	IoU loss, anchor free	✅
R2CNN	ResNet101	60.67	arXiv:1706.09579	TF	scene text, multi-task, different pooled sizes, baseline	✅
RRPN	ResNet101	61.01	TMM arXiv:1703.01086	TF	scene text, rotation proposals, baseline	✅
Axis Learning	ResNet101	65.98	Remote Sensing	Pytorch	single stage, anchor free	✅
Li et al.	ResNet50	66.01	IGARSS2021	-	refine, feature alignment
MARNet	ResNet101	67.19	IJRS	-	based on scrdet
ICN	ResNet101	68.16	ACCV2018	-	image cascade, multi-scale	✅
GSDet	ResNet101	68.28	TIP	-	scale reasoning
RADet	ResNeXt101	69.09	Remote Sensing	-	enhanced FPN, mask rcnn
KARNET	ResNet50	68.87	CISNRC 2020	-	attention denoising, anchor refining
RoI Transformer	ResNet101	69.56	CVPR2019	MXNet, PyTorch, MMRotate	roi transformer	✅
CAD-Net	ResNet101	69.90	TGRS arXiv:1903.00857	-	attention
ProbIoU	ResNet50	70.04	arXiv:2106.06072	TF	gaussian bounding boxes, hellinger distance	✅
ROTP	ResNet101	70.29	arXiv:2202.06565	-	solar corona heatmap, key points, head of object
A2S-Det	ResNet101	70.64	Remote Sensing	-	label assign
AOOD	ResNet101	71.18	Neural Computing and Applications	-	attention + R-DFPN
CGP Box	ResNet18	71.35	IJRS	-	center-guide points
Zhou et al.	CSPDarknet53	71.5	ijgi	-	enhanced fpn
ACE	DLA34	71.7	TIP	-	corner point	✅
Pei et al.	ResNet101	71.76	IGRASS2021	-	enhanced FPN
Cascade-FF	ResNet152	71.80	ICME2020	-	refined retinanet + feature fusion
SCPNet	Hourglass104	72.20	GRSL	-	corner points
P-RSDet	ResNet101	72.30	Access	-	anchor free, polar coordinates	✅
Zhang et al.	ResNet101	72.37	GSIS	-	refine-stage
ROPDet	ResNet101-DCN	72.42	J REAL-TIME IMAGE PR	-	point set representation
SCRDet	ResNet101	72.61	ICCV2019	TF: R2CNN++, IoU-Smooth L1: RetinaNet-based, R3Det-based	attention, angular boundary problem	✅
O2-DNet	Hourglass104	72.8	ISPRS, arXiv:1912.10694	-	centernet, anchor free	✅
HRPNet	HRNet-W48	72.83	GRSL	-	polar
SARD	ResNet101	72.95	Access	-	IoU-based weighted loss
GLS-Net	ResNet101	72.96	Remote Sensing	-	attention, saliency pyramid
ProjBB	ResNet101	73.03	Access	code, codebase	new definition of bounding box
DRN	Hourglass104	73.23	CVPR2020	code	centernet, feature selection module, dynamic refinement head, new dataset (SKU110K-R)	✅
FADet	ResNet101	73.28	ICIP2019	-	attention
RBA-CenterNet	ResNet101	73.41	IJCNN	-	centernet, refine feature
MFIAR-Net	ResNet152	73.49	Sensors	-	feature attention, enhanced FPN
CFC-NET	ResNet101	73.50	TGRS	PyTorch	critical feature, label assign, refine	✅
Dual-Det	ResNet18	73.62	IJRS	code	keypoint-based
Li et al.	CSP-Hourglass	73.70	GRSL	-	CSP-Hourglass Net
R3Det	ResNet101	73.79	AAAI2021	TF, r3det-on-mmdetection, r3det-pytorch, MMRotate	refined single stage, feature alignment	✅
SDCDet	ResNet101	73.89	PRAI2021	-	instance segmentation direction correction
Geng et al.	ResNet101	73.92	GRSL	-	anchor free, angle encoding
Free3Net	ResNet101	74.04	TMM	-	anchor free, gliding vertex	✅
SegmRDet	ResNet50	74.14	Neurocomputing	-	segmentation-baed, new training and inference
Hou et al.	ResNet101	74.44	TIP	-	enhanced FPN, feature alignment
Wu et al.	ResNet50	74.45	J Electron Imaging	-	enhanced FPN, feature alignment
CenterRot	ResNet152	74.75	Remote Sensing	-	anchor free, deformable-fpn, csl
MEAD	ResNet101	74.80	Applied Intelligence	-	mechanism anchor free, mask guided, refine feature
TS4Net	ResNet101	74.82	Neurocomputing	-	label assign
FEDet	ResNet50	74.89	ICCSE 2021	-	refine feature, angle constraint
SRep-RDet	RepVGG-B1g2	74.89	IJRS	-	refine feature, attention, repvgg
Yuan et al.	HRNet32	74.97	ICCTIT2021	-	centernet-r
Gliding Vertex	ResNet101	75.02	TPAMI arXiv:1911.09358	PyTorch, MMRotate	quadrilateral bbox	✅
OSSDet	ResNeXt101	75.08	JSTARS	-	feature enhancement and alignment
LO-Det	Darknet53	75.24	TGRS, arXiv:2209.07709	PyTorch	lightweight	✅
EFN	U-Net	75.27	Preprints	-	Field-based	✅
SAR	ResNet152	75.26	Access	-	boundary problem	✅
TricubeNet	Hourglass104	75.26	WACV2022	code	2D tricube kernel	✅
Mask OBB	ResNeXt101	75.33	Remote Sensing	-	attention, multi-task	✅
BBAVectors	ResNet101	75.36	WACV2021	PyTorch	keypoint based	✅
SAOA	ResNet101	75.41	ICIG2021	-	anchor free, spatial self-attention
Yuan et al.	ResNet101	75.43	TGRS	-	feature alignment, continuous boundary
Zand et al.	DarkNet53	75.5	TGRS	-	angle classification
MSFF	-	75.60	ICCECE 2022	-	multi-scale feature fusion
RODFormer	ViT-B4	75.60	Sensors	-	vision transformer
FFA	ResNet101	75.7	ISPRS	-	enhanced FPN, rotation proposals
CBDA-Net	DLA-34-DCN	75.74	TGRS	-	dual attention
APE	ResNeXt101(32x4)	75.75	TGRS arXiv:1906.09447	-	adaptive period embedding, length independent IoU (LIIoU)	✅
R4Det	ResNet152	75.54	Image Vis Comput	-	feature recursion and refinement
SurroundNet	ResNet152	75.88	Remote Sensing	-	attention, anchor free, quad
RIE	HRGANet-W48	75.94	Remote Sensing	-	center-based rotated inscribed ellipse
F3-Net	ResNet152	76.02	Remote Sensing	-	feature fusion and filtration
CenterMap OBB	ResNet101	76.03	TGRS	-	center-probability-map
DA-Net	ResNet101	76.11	GRSL	-	feature alignment
MDL-p	ResNet101	76.16	arXiv:2204.00840	-	gaussian modeling
CSL	ResNet152	76.17	ECCV2020	TF, MMRotate, Pytorch: YOLOv5_DOTA_OBB (CSL)	angular boundary problem	✅
MRDet	ResNet101	76.24	TGRS	-	arbitrary-oriented rpn, multiple subtasks
AFC-Net	ResNet101	76.27	Neurocomputing	-	adaptive feature concatenate
RSDet/RSDet++	ResNet152	76.30	AAAI2021/TCSVT	TF	quadrilateral bbox, angular boundary problem	✅
OWSR	Ensemble	76.36	CVPR2019 WorkShop	-	enhanced FPN
SLA	ResNet50	76.36	Remote Sensing	PyTorch	sparse label assignment	✅
SE2-Det	ResNet101	76.42	Remote Sensing	-	enhanced fpn
OPLD	ResNet101	76.43	J-STARS	PyTorch	boundary problem, point-guided	✅
Polar Ray	ResNet101	76.50	ACM MM2021	-	polar rays representation	✅
SIoU	ResNet50	76.54	JSTARS	-	splicing intersection over union	✅
R3Det++	ResNet152	76.56	arXiv:2004.13316	TF	refined single stage, feature alignment, denoising	✅
PolarDet	ResNet101	76.64	IJRS arXiv:2010.08720	-	polar, center-semantic	✅
Beyond Bounding-Box	ResNet152	76.67	CVPR2021	PyTorch, MMRotate	point-based, reppoints	✅
OAN	ResNeX50	76.73	arXiv:2212.13136	PyTorch	objectness activation network, efficient	✅
SCRDet++	ResNet101	76.81	TPAMI	TF	angular boundary problem, denoising	✅
DAFNe	ResNet101	76.95	arXiv:2109.06148	PyTorch	single stage, anchor free, center-to-corner regression
DAL+S2A-Net	ResNet50	76.95	AAAI2021	PyTorch	label assign	✅
GGHL	DarkNet53	76.95	TIP	PyTorch	gaussian heatmap labeling	✅
EAutoDet	DarkNet53	77.05	arXiv:2203.10747	-	nas, yolov5	✅
Yu et al.	Res2Net50	77.18	JSTARS	-	boundary-aware vectors, centernet
CoF-Net	ResNet50	77.2	TGRS	-	coarse-to-fine, geometric constraints, spatial-spectral nonocal features
DCL	ResNet152	77.37	CVPR2021	TF	boundary problem	✅
CSL+DCL	ResNet152	77.37	IJCV	TF	boundary problem	✅
CLT-Det	ResNet101	77.45	TGRS	-	transformer, correlation learning	✅
MSFF	ResNet50	77.46	JSTARS	-	rotation invariance features
RIDet	ResNet50	77.62	GRSL	PyTorch, TF	quad., representation ambiguity	✅
Oriented RepPoints	Swin-Tiny	77.63	CVPR2022	PyTorch, MMRotate	point-based, reppoints	✅
RSP	ViTAEv2-S	77.72	arXiv:2204.02825	PyTorch	remote sensing pretrain	✅
RDD	ResNet101	77.75	Remote Sensing	PyTorch	rotation-decoupled
CenterOBB	DLA-34	77.85	Remote Sensing	-	angle classification, centernet	✅
FSDet	ResNet50	77.85	TGRS	-	label assign, feature refinemen, anchor free	✅
CG-Net	ResNet101	77.89	arXiv:2103.11399	PyTorch	attention
HSP	ResNet101	78.01	TGRS	-	hierarchical semantic propagation
FoRDet	VGG16	78.13	TGRS	-	refinenet
AProNet	ResNet101	78.16	ISPRS	Pyrotch	axis projection-based angle learning, feature enhancement
MGAR	DarkNet53	78.29	arXiv:2209.02884	-	angle classification	✅
TransConvNet	Swin Transformer	78.41	Remote Sensing	-	enhanced fpn, self attention, transformer
FR-Est	ResNet101-DCN	78.49	TGRS	-	point-based estimator	✅
TIOE-Det	-	78.69	ISPRS	PyTorch	misaligned tasks, orientation estimation	✅
DARDet	ResNet50	78.74	GRSL	PyTorch	varifocalnet, dcn, piou
TS-Conv	DarkNet53	78.75	arXiv:2209.02200	PyTorch	dynamic label assignment, task-wise samping	✅
DHRec	ResNet152	78.83	TPAMI	PyTorch	double horizontal rectangles
FCOSR	ResNeXt101	78.90	arXiv:2111.10780	PyTorch	anchor free
P2P	ResNet101	79.15	AAAI2022	-	poly iou loss	✅
SASM	ResNeXt101	79.17	AAAI2022	MMRotate, PyTorch	label assign	✅
AO2-DETR	ResNet50	79.22	arXiv:2205.12785	PyTorch	detr, feature refinement	✅
GSNet	ResNet101	79.37	arXiv:2204.02033	-	enhanced fpn
S2A-Net	ResNet50/ResNet101	79.42/79.15	TGRS	PyTorch, MMRotate	refined single stage, feature alignment	✅
OFA-Net	ResNet101	79.52	PRICAI2021	-	refined single stage, feature alignment
TARDet	ResNet101	79.57	CVPRW2022	-	anchor free, feature alignment
RBox	ResNet50	79.59	CVPR2022	-	transformer, feature sampling and grouping	✅
O2DETR	ResNet50	79.66	arXiv:2106.03146	-	deformable detr, transformer	✅
ROSD	ResNet101	79.76	Access	-	refined single stage, feature alignment
RAOD	ResNet101	79.78	Applied Intelligence	-	enhanced fpn, feature refine
SES-Net	ResNet50	79.80	arXiv:2111.03420	-	sampling equivariance, self-attention	✅
SARA	ResNet50/ResNet101	79.91/79.13	Remote Sensing	-	self-adaptive aspect ratio anchor, refine
ARP+R-EIoU	YOLOv5x6	79.93	arXiv:2109.10187	-	area ratio of parallelogram, R-EIoU, yolov5
GF-CSL	ResNet101	79.94	TGRS	PyTorch	circular smooth label, gaussian focal loss	✅
ADT-Det	ResNet152	79.95	Remote Sensing	-	feature pyramid transformer, feature refinement
ReDet	ReR50-ReFPN	80.10	CVPR2021	PyTorch, MMRotate	rotation-equivariant, rotation-invariant roI align	✅
G-Rep	Swin-Tiny	80.12	arXiv:2205.11796	MMRotate	pointset-based, gaussian modeling	✅
PCI	ReR50-ReFPN	80.15	TIP	-	progressive context-dependent inference	✅
GWD	ResNet152	80.23	ICML2021	TF, MMRotate	boundary discontinuity, square-like problem, gaussian wasserstein distance loss	✅
DEA	ReR50-ReFPN	80.37	TGRS	PyTorch	dynamic enhancement anchor	✅
FDOL	ReR50-ReFPN	80.41	TGRS	-	frequency analysis, self-attention	✅
O2MER	ResNet50	80.43	arXiv:2112.00504	-	consistent geometric constraint
DODet	ResNet50	80.62	TGRS	PyTorch	oriented proposal network, localization-guided head
KLD	ResNet152	80.63	NeurIPS2021	TF, MMRotate	Kullback-Leibler divergence, high-precision, scale invariance	✅
AOPG	ResNet50/ResNet101	80.66/80.19	arXiv:2110.01931	PyTorch	anchor free, feature align
Li et al.	ResNet101	80.68	Remote Sensing	-	enhance fpn, polar
CGCDet	ResNet50	80.70	TNNLS	PyTorch	geometric consistent constraint, label assignment	✅
AFF-Det	ResNet50	80.73	Acm T Multim Comput.	-	enhanced fpn
PP-YOLOE-R-x	CRN-x	80.73	arXiv:2211.02386	Paddle	real-time, yolo	✅
Oriented R-CNN	ResNet50/ResNet101	80.87/80.52	ICCV2021	PyTorch, MMRotate	Rotation FPN, Gliding Vertex
OSKDet	ResNet101	80.91	CVPR2022	-	keypoint localization	✅
KFIoU	Swin-Tiny	80.93	ICLR2023	TF, MMRotate	Gaussian modeling, kalman filter	✅
QPDet	ResNet50	81.00	TGRS	PyTorch	quadrant point regression, rotated box refinement	✅
Point RCNN	ReR50-ReFPN/Swin-Tiny	80.71/81.32	Remote Sensing	-	point based, cascade rcnn	✅
SSEDet	ResNet50	81.08	GRSL	-	circle theorem, short-side excursion	✅
RTMDet	-	81.33	arXiv:2212.07784	MMRotate	real-time	✅

DOTA1.0 (Task2)

Model	Backbone	mAP	Paper Link	Code Link	Remark	Recommend
FR-H (DOTA)	ResNet101	60.46	CVPR2018	MXNet	DOTA dataset, baseline	✅
Deep Active Learning	ResNet18	64.26	arXiv:2003.08793	-	CenterNet, Deep Active Learning	✅
SBL	ResNet50	64.77	arXiv:1810.08103	-	single stage
CenterFPANet	ResNet18	65.29	HPCCT & BDAI 2020 arXiv:2009.03063	-	light-weight
MARNet	ResNet101	71.73	IJRS	-	based on scrdet
FMSSD	VGG16	72.43	TGRS	-	IoU-based weighted loss, enhanced FPN
ICN	ResNet101	72.45	ACCV2018	-	image cascade, multi-scale	✅
IoU-Adaptive R-CNN	ResNet101	72.72	Remote Sensing	-	IoU-based weighted loss, cascade
EFR	VGG16	73.49	Remote Sensing	PyTorch	enhanced FPN
AF-EMS	ResNet101	73.97	Remote Sensing	-	scale-aware feature, anchor free
SCRDet	ResNet101	75.35	ICCV2019	TF	attention, angular boundary problem	✅
FADet	ResNet101	75.38	ICIP2019	-	attention
MFIAR-Net	ResNet152	76.07	Sensors	-	feature attention, enhanced FPN
F3-Net	ResNet152	76.48	Remote Sensing	-	feature fusion and filtration
Mask OBB	ResNeXt101	76.98	Remote Sensing	-	attention, multi-task	✅
CenterMap OBB	ResNet101	77.33	TGRS	-	center-probability-map
ASSD	VGG16	77.8	TGRS	-	feature aligned
AFC-Net	ResNet101	78.06	Neurocomputing	-	adaptive feature concatenate
CG-Net	ResNet101	78.26	arXiv:2103.11399	PyTorch	attention
OPLD	ResNet101	78.35	J-STARS	PyTorch	boundary problem, point-guided	✅
A2RMNet	ResNet101	78.45	Remote Sensing	-	attention, enhanced FPN, different pooled sizes
OWSR	Ensemble	78.79	CVPR2019 WorkShop	-	enhanced FPN
NPMMR-Det	DarkNet53	78.93	TGRS	PyTorch	non-local, enhanced FPN
Parallel Cascade R-CNN	ResNeXt101	78.96	Journal of Physics: Conference Series	-	cascade rcnn
DM-FPN	ResNet-Based	79.27	Remote Sensing	-	enhanced FPN
DDBN	ResNet101	79.3	PR	-	adjacent feature compensation, dual detection branch
SCRDet++	ResNet101	79.35	TPAMI	TF	denoising	✅
HSP	ResNet101	80.42	TGRS	-	hierarchical semantic propagation
AFF-Det	ResNet101	81.18	Acm T Multim Comput.	-	enhanced fpn

DOTA1.5 (Task1)

RBox-supervised Model	Backbone	mAP	Paper Link	Code Link	Remark	Recommend
OAN	ResNet50	66.95	arXiv:2212.13136	PyTorch	objectness activation network, efficient	✅
DAFNe	ResNet101	71.99	arXiv:2109.06148	PyTorch	r-fcos
RAOD	ResNet101	74.70	Applied Intelligence	-	enhanced fpn, feature refine
OWSR	Ensemble	76.60	CVPR2019 WorkShop	-	enhanced FPN
ReDet	ReR50-ReFPN	76.80	CVPR2021	PyTorch	rotation-equivariant, rotation-invariant RoI Align,	✅
FDOL	ReR50-ReFPN	77.12	TGRS	-	frequency analysis, self-attention	✅
APE	ResNeXt101(32x4)	78.34	TGRS arXiv:1906.09447	-	length independent IoU (LIIoU)	✅
Point RCNN	ReR50-ReFPN/Swin-Tiny	79.31/80.14	Remote Sensing	-	point based, cascade rcnn	✅

DOTA1.5 (Task2)

Model	Backbone	mAP	Paper Link	Code Link	Remark	Recommend
CDD-Net	ResNet101	61.3	GRSL	-	attention
GCWNet	ResNet101	62.7	GRSL	-	enhance fpn, feature refine
ReDet	ReR50-ReFPN	78.08	CVPR2021	PyTorch	rotation-equivariant, rotation-invariant RoI Align,	✅
OWSR	Ensemble	79.50	CVPR2019 WorkShop	-	enhanced FPN

DOTA2.0 (Task1)

RBox-supervised Model	Backbone	mAP	Paper Link	Code Link	Remark	Recommend
OAN	ResNet50	54.68	arXiv:2212.13136	PyTorch	objectness activation network, efficient	✅
Wen et al.	-	58.22	ICCECE 2022	-	yolov5, csl

Related Articles

Model	Paper Link	Code Link	Remark	Recommend
SSSDET	ICIP2019 arXiv:1909.00292	-	vehicle detection, lightweight
AVDNet	GRSL arXiv:1907.07477	-	vehicle detection, small object
ClusDet	ICCV2019	Caffe2	object cluster regions	✅
DMNet	CVPR2020 WorkShop	-	object cluster regions	✅
AdaZoom	arXiv:2106.10409	-	object cluster regions, reinforcement learning	✅
OIS	arXiv:1911.07732	related Pytorch code	Oriented Instance Segmentation	✅
ISOP	IGARSS2020	-	Oriented Instance Segmentation
LR-RCNN	arXiv:2005.14264	-	vehicle detection	-
GRS-Det	TGRS	-	ship detection, rotation fcos	-
DRBox	arXiv:1711.09405	Caffe	sar object detection	✅
DRBox-v2	TGRS	TF	sar object detection	-
RAPiD	arXiv:2005.11623	PyTorch	overhead fisheye images	-
OcSaFPN	arXiv:2012.09859	-	denoising	-
CR2A-Net	TGRS	-	ship detection	-
-	TGRS	-	knowledge distillation	✅
CHPDet	arXiv:2101.11189	-	new ship dataset	✅
EDRdet	PRL	-	adaptive dynamic networks, coarse-to-fine	✅

Other Rotation Detection Codes and Benchmarks

Base Method	Code Link
RetinaNet	RetinaNet_Tensorflow_Rotation
YOLOv3	rotate-yolov3-Pytorch, YOLOv3-quadrangle-Pytorch, yolov3-polygon-Pytorch
YOLOv4	rotate-yolov4-Pytorch
YOLOv5	rotation-yolov5-Pytorch, YOLOv5_DOTA_OBB (CSL)
YOLOX	YOLOX-Pytorch
YOLOv7	yolov7-obb (KLD)
CenterNet	R-CenterNet-Pytorch
JDet	Jittor
OBBDet_Swin	OBBDet_Swin
OrientedRepPoints	OrientedRepPoints_DOTA_Swin
Localization Distillation	Rotated-LD

Dataset

Some remote sensing related object detection dataset statistics are in DATASET.md