gnrc, nimble/ble: notify network layer of BLE connection events #21608

elenaf9 · 2025-07-17T08:21:40Z

Contribution description

This PR solves two issues that have been previously discussed in #21580 and #21586:

Adding connected BLE nodes to the NIB neighbor cache
Notifying RPL when a BLE connection closes and the parent with matching address is unreachable.

Both issues require communication between different netapi layers and are related with each other, so I bundled them in one PR.

Cross-layer Communication with netapi

With the current netapi it is not possible to send arbitrary data between networking threads.
The API only allows to either dispatch packets to multiple threads that are registered in the netreg (gnrc_netapi_dispatch), or to set/get options to/from a single thread whose PID is known (gnrc_netapi_{get,set}).
In my use-case, however, a lower layer (BLE) wants to notify other layers higher up the stack (IPv6, RPL) of an event (e.g., connection established). Ideally, the lower layer shouldn't need to know if/ what higher layers are present, similarly to the case when packets are passed up/ down the stack.

netapi `notify`

To solve the above, I added a new netapi function gnrc_netapi_notify that dispatches an "notification"-event to all subscribed threads. Like in gnrc_netapi_dispatch the target threads are queried from netreg, but with notify the sending is done synchronously by blocking for an ACK. The latter is needed because contrary to the packets that get allocated in the pktbuf, the notify event data is stack allocated and thus blocking is needed to ensure the data was read before the function returns. This is not ideal, but I wasn't able to come up with a better solution.

Handling BLE connection events

The notify event API is used:

BLE -> IPv6: inform of a (dis-)connected link-layer address
- the IPv6 thread will add/ remove an entry to the neighbor cache, which solves [Discussion] IPv6 neighbor discovery with BLE #21580 (comment) (cc @mcr)
IPv6 -> RPL: inform of new / unreachable neighbors
- RPL sends a DIS when a new neighbor was discovered
- RPL times-out parents if their address became unreachable (solving rpl, rpble: hint to RPL when on L2 a connection closes #21586)

In 2. the notification is sent from the IPv6 thread rather than from BLE because address translation from l2addr->ipv6 address is solved on that layer.

Testing procedure

Tested on FIT IoT-Testlab with 9 nrf52dk nodes by using the gnrc_networking example + nimble_rpble module.
The entries are added/ removed from the NIB neighbor cache as expected, and the RPL tree updates when connections between parents and children close.

Edit:
Sorry, misunderstood the section as "how did I test it". Actual test instructions:

Add USEMODULE += nimble_rpble to the gnrc_networking and run on min 2. nodes (I tested with nrf52dk)
Init one node as RPL root node: ifconfig 8 add 2001:db8:1::1/64 && rpl root 1 2001:db8:1::1.
Root node should setup itself as RPL root and start advertising. (check with ble info and rpl commands)
Second node should automatically connect to first node and init its RPL dodag with the root node as parent.
On both nodes, the neighbor cache should have one entry with each others info (check withnib neigh)
Stop root node. Neighbor cache on second node should now be empty again, and rpl dodag should be first set to infinite rank, and shortly after cleaned up.

Issues/PRs references

Replaces #21586.
Part of #21574.
Related to (and might solve) #21580.

Additional Nodes

Happy to split up the PR in separate sub-PRs if that's easier, but as already mentioned it all kinda relates to each other.

See self-review for discussion points.

If a new L2 connection was established, the node should be inserted in the neighbor cache. For 6LN nodes, NIB will never start the usual neighbor discovery process because it can directly resolve the link-layer address from the IPv6 address. Thus we have to manually add such nodes to the NC by building the IPv6 address from the L2 address. If a L2 connection closed, the node is removed again from the NC.

Iterate through all parents whose address match `addr`. In most cases there will only be a single parent, but if `GNRC_RPL_INSTANCES_NUMOF > 1` then one node can be parent in multiple DODAGs.

Handle netapi notification for discovered and unreachable neighbors. For newly discovered neighbors, send a DIS message to the node. For unreachable nodes trigger a timeout for RPL parents that match the address.

`gnrc_rpl` now receives a notification if a new node is reachable (i.e., connected) and sends a DIS. No need anymore to also do it in rpble.

elenaf9 · 2025-07-17T08:22:35Z

sys/include/net/gnrc/rpl/dodag.h

+/**
+ * @brief   Iterate over all parents in all DODAGs with @p IPv6 address.
+ *
+ * @param[in]   idx         Index to start searching from.
+ * @param[in]   addr        IPV6 address of the parent.
+ * @param[out]  parent      Pointer to the parent if one was found. Otherwise NULL.
+ *
+ * @return  Index > 0 to continue next search from, if parent was found.
+ * @return  -ENONENT if not found
+ */
+int gnrc_rpl_parent_iter_by_addr(ipv6_addr_t *addr, gnrc_rpl_parent_t **parent, int idx);
+


See #21586 (comment).

Quoting from there for reviewer's convenience:

This function is a bit weird, but it is needed because, theoretically, if we have more than one RPL instance, the same node can be present as parent in multiple dodags, and thus appear multiple times in the gnrc_rpl_parents list.
We want to mark the parent as unreachable in all dodags.

I'm not knowledgeable enough with RPL to comment on this.

sys/include/net/gnrc/nettype.h

elenaf9 · 2025-07-17T08:32:56Z

sys/include/net/gnrc/ipv6/nib/nc.h

+/**
+ * @brief   Adds an unmanaged neighbor entry to the NIB if the interface represents a 6LN node
+ *          and the IPv6 address can be constructed from the L2 address @p l2addr.
+ *
+ * @param[in] iface         The interface to the neighbor.
+ * @param[in] l2addr        The neighbor's layer 2 address.
+ * @param[in] l2addr_len    Length of @p l2addr.
+ *
+ * @return  0 on success.
+ * @return  -ENOTSUP, if the interface does not represent a 6LN or when
+ *           gnrc_netif_t::device_type of the iface does not support IID conversion.
+ * @return  -EINVAL, when @p addr_len is invalid for the
+ *          gnrc_netif_t::device_type of @p netif.
+ * @return  -ENOMEM, if no space is left in neighbor cache.
+ */
+int gnrc_ipv6_nib_nc_try_set_6ln(unsigned iface, const uint8_t *l2addr,
+                                 size_t l2addr_len);


Only possible for 6LN nodes because otherwise we can't statically build an IPv6 address from the link-layer address. The IPv6 address is build as a reverse of the _resolve_addr_from_ipv6 that is used when resolving IPv6-> L2address, following the stateless address autoconfiguration section in the RFC.

mguetschow

Thanks for your PR! Already discussed the design offline, so that looks fine by me. But maybe someone with more knowledge with GNRC and the NETAPI could also comment on the approach (@miri64 maybe?).

Rather high-level comments from my side as I'm not very familiar with GNRC and RPL.

sys/include/net/gnrc/netapi.h

sys/include/net/gnrc/netnotify.h

sys/include/net/gnrc/nettype.h

mguetschow · 2025-07-17T12:46:42Z

sys/include/net/gnrc/rpl/dodag.h

+/**
+ * @brief   Iterate over all parents in all DODAGs with @p IPv6 address.
+ *
+ * @param[in]   idx         Index to start searching from.
+ * @param[in]   addr        IPV6 address of the parent.
+ * @param[out]  parent      Pointer to the parent if one was found. Otherwise NULL.
+ *
+ * @return  Index > 0 to continue next search from, if parent was found.
+ * @return  -ENONENT if not found
+ */
+int gnrc_rpl_parent_iter_by_addr(ipv6_addr_t *addr, gnrc_rpl_parent_t **parent, int idx);
+


Quoting from there for reviewer's convenience:

This function is a bit weird, but it is needed because, theoretically, if we have more than one RPL instance, the same node can be present as parent in multiple dodags, and thus appear multiple times in the gnrc_rpl_parents list.
We want to mark the parent as unreachable in all dodags.

I'm not knowledgeable enough with RPL to comment on this.

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/gnrc_ipv6.c

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/nib/_nib-6ln.c

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/nib/nib_nc.c

riot-ci · 2025-07-17T17:43:23Z

Murdock results

❌ FAILED

d20a7b5 fixup! fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

Success	Failures	Total	Runtime
86	0	9923	01m:51s

Artifacts

sys/include/net/gnrc/nettype.h

sys/net/gnrc/netapi/gnrc_netapi.c

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/nib/_nib-6ln.h

sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c

sys/net/gnrc/netapi/gnrc_netapi.c

sys/include/net/gnrc/netnotify.h

Hope murdock is happy now...

sys/include/net/gnrc/ipv6/nib/nc.h

Weird doxygen parsing error. Co-authored-by: crasbe <[email protected]>

sys/include/net/gnrc/ipv6/nib/nc.h

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/gnrc_ipv6.c

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/nib/_nib-6ln.h

benpicco

This sounds pretty useful as a general mechanism - some first round of comments

sys/net/gnrc/netapi/gnrc_netapi.c

sys/include/net/gnrc/netapi/notify.h

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/nib/_nib-6ln.c

benpicco · 2025-09-05T14:42:13Z

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/nib/_nib-6ln.h

+ * @param[in] netif      The interface to @p l2addr.
+ * @param[in] l2addr     Layer 2 address.


Why do you need to supply both?
Either you get the l2 address from the netif or you supply the l2 address - then you don't need the netif

The l2 address is not our address on that interface but the remote's address, so we can't get it from the netif.
And the netif parameter itself is needed by l2util_ipv6_iid_from_addr to handle the different types of l2 address properly. Am I missing something?

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/gnrc_ipv6.c

Use inverse semaphore instead of mutex+condvar+counter.

miri64

Cursory review after scrolling through most of the code.

sys/include/net/gnrc/netapi.h

sys/include/net/gnrc/netapi/notify.h

sys/include/net/gnrc/netapi.h

miri64 · 2025-09-30T16:22:34Z

sys/net/gnrc/Makefile.dep


 ifneq (,$(filter gnrc,$(USEMODULE)))
  USEMODULE += gnrc_netapi
+  USEMODULE += gnrc_netapi_notify


I would also prefer, if it is an optional dependency to gnrc and only in the combination you named mandatory. I would make it a dependency of rplble and gnrc_sixlowpan_6ln combined (not sure these are the correct names of these modules...).

sys/include/net/gnrc/netapi/notify.h

Use blocking `sema_inv_wait`; `sema_inv_try_wait` didn't do anything if we don't want for the result.

Implement single function for copying the event data for all notify event types.

Suggestions from code review. Co-authored-by: Martine Lenders <[email protected]>

Only include netnotify if `nimble_netif` and `gnrc_ipv6` are included.

miri64 · 2025-11-25T21:55:02Z

I ran spec07 (multi hop, which includes unmodified RPL) of the release specifications to check if this breaks something.

Sadly, it does.

test: commands[0]> pytest -k spec07 --non-RC
================================================================================================================================ test session starts ================================================================================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.13.7, pytest-7.3.2, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/Release-Specs/.tox/test/bin/python
cachedir: .tox/test/.pytest_cache
rootdir: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/Release-Specs
configfile: setup.cfg
plugins: rerunfailures-14.0, cov-7.0.0
collected 241 items / 236 deselected / 5 selected                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task01[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 20%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task01[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 20%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task01[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 20%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task01[nodes0] ERROR                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 20%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task02[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 40%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task02[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 40%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task02[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 40%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task02[nodes0] ERROR                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 40%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task03[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 60%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task03[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 60%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task03[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 60%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task03[nodes0] ERROR                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 60%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task04[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 80%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task04[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 80%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task04[nodes0] RERUN                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 80%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task04[nodes0] ERROR                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [ 80%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task05[nodes0] ERROR                                                                                                                                                                                                                        [100%]

====================================================================================================================================== ERRORS =======================================================================================================================================
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ERROR at setup of test_task01[nodes0] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

riot_ctrl = <function riot_ctrl.<locals>.ctrl at 0x7f1d47555c60>

    @pytest.fixture
    def statically_routed_nodes(riot_ctrl):
        nodes = (
>           riot_ctrl(0, APP, Shell),
            riot_ctrl(1, APP, Shell),
            riot_ctrl(2, APP, Shell),
            riot_ctrl(3, APP, Shell),
        )

07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py:24: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
conftest.py:389: in ctrl
    node.make_run(
.tox/test/lib/python3.13/site-packages/riotctrl/ctrl.py:216: in make_run
    return subprocess.run(command, env=self.env, *runargs, **runkwargs)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

input = None, capture_output = False, timeout = None, check = True, popenargs = (['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash'],)
kwargs = {'env': {'BOARD': 'iotlab-m3', 'COLUMNS': '277', 'DEFAULT_PAN_ID': '36860', 'HOME': '/home/mlenders', ...}, 'stderr': None, 'stdout': None}, process = <Popen: returncode: 2 args: ['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/ml...>, stdout = None, stderr = None
retcode = 2

    def run(*popenargs,
            input=None, capture_output=False, timeout=None, check=False, **kwargs):
        """Run command with arguments and return a CompletedProcess instance.
    
        The returned instance will have attributes args, returncode, stdout and
        stderr. By default, stdout and stderr are not captured, and those attributes
        will be None. Pass stdout=PIPE and/or stderr=PIPE in order to capture them,
        or pass capture_output=True to capture both.
    
        If check is True and the exit code was non-zero, it raises a
        CalledProcessError. The CalledProcessError object will have the return code
        in the returncode attribute, and output & stderr attributes if those streams
        were captured.
    
        If timeout (seconds) is given and the process takes too long,
         a TimeoutExpired exception will be raised.
    
        There is an optional argument "input", allowing you to
        pass bytes or a string to the subprocess's stdin.  If you use this argument
        you may not also use the Popen constructor's "stdin" argument, as
        it will be used internally.
    
        By default, all communication is in bytes, and therefore any "input" should
        be bytes, and the stdout and stderr will be bytes. If in text mode, any
        "input" should be a string, and stdout and stderr will be strings decoded
        according to locale encoding, or by "encoding" if set. Text mode is
        triggered by setting any of text, encoding, errors or universal_newlines.
    
        The other arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.
        """
        if input is not None:
            if kwargs.get('stdin') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdin and input arguments may not both be used.')
            kwargs['stdin'] = PIPE
    
        if capture_output:
            if kwargs.get('stdout') is not None or kwargs.get('stderr') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdout and stderr arguments may not be used '
                                 'with capture_output.')
            kwargs['stdout'] = PIPE
            kwargs['stderr'] = PIPE
    
        with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
            try:
                stdout, stderr = process.communicate(input, timeout=timeout)
            except TimeoutExpired as exc:
                process.kill()
                if _mswindows:
                    # Windows accumulates the output in a single blocking
                    # read() call run on child threads, with the timeout
                    # being done in a join() on those threads.  communicate()
                    # _after_ kill() is required to collect that and add it
                    # to the exception.
                    exc.stdout, exc.stderr = process.communicate()
                else:
                    # POSIX _communicate already populated the output so
                    # far into the TimeoutExpired exception.
                    process.wait()
                raise
            except:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt, communicate handled that.
                process.kill()
                # We don't call process.wait() as .__exit__ does that for us.
                raise
            retcode = process.poll()
            if check and retcode:
>               raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
                                         output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
E               subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash']' returned non-zero exit status 2.

/usr/lib/python3.13/subprocess.py:577: CalledProcessError
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ERROR at setup of test_task02[nodes0] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

riot_ctrl = <function riot_ctrl.<locals>.ctrl at 0x7f1d48105580>

    @pytest.fixture
    def statically_routed_nodes(riot_ctrl):
        nodes = (
>           riot_ctrl(0, APP, Shell),
            riot_ctrl(1, APP, Shell),
            riot_ctrl(2, APP, Shell),
            riot_ctrl(3, APP, Shell),
        )

07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py:24: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
conftest.py:389: in ctrl
    node.make_run(
.tox/test/lib/python3.13/site-packages/riotctrl/ctrl.py:216: in make_run
    return subprocess.run(command, env=self.env, *runargs, **runkwargs)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

input = None, capture_output = False, timeout = None, check = True, popenargs = (['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash'],)
kwargs = {'env': {'BOARD': 'iotlab-m3', 'COLUMNS': '277', 'DEFAULT_PAN_ID': '36860', 'HOME': '/home/mlenders', ...}, 'stderr': None, 'stdout': None}, process = <Popen: returncode: 2 args: ['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/ml...>, stdout = None, stderr = None
retcode = 2

    def run(*popenargs,
            input=None, capture_output=False, timeout=None, check=False, **kwargs):
        """Run command with arguments and return a CompletedProcess instance.
    
        The returned instance will have attributes args, returncode, stdout and
        stderr. By default, stdout and stderr are not captured, and those attributes
        will be None. Pass stdout=PIPE and/or stderr=PIPE in order to capture them,
        or pass capture_output=True to capture both.
    
        If check is True and the exit code was non-zero, it raises a
        CalledProcessError. The CalledProcessError object will have the return code
        in the returncode attribute, and output & stderr attributes if those streams
        were captured.
    
        If timeout (seconds) is given and the process takes too long,
         a TimeoutExpired exception will be raised.
    
        There is an optional argument "input", allowing you to
        pass bytes or a string to the subprocess's stdin.  If you use this argument
        you may not also use the Popen constructor's "stdin" argument, as
        it will be used internally.
    
        By default, all communication is in bytes, and therefore any "input" should
        be bytes, and the stdout and stderr will be bytes. If in text mode, any
        "input" should be a string, and stdout and stderr will be strings decoded
        according to locale encoding, or by "encoding" if set. Text mode is
        triggered by setting any of text, encoding, errors or universal_newlines.
    
        The other arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.
        """
        if input is not None:
            if kwargs.get('stdin') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdin and input arguments may not both be used.')
            kwargs['stdin'] = PIPE
    
        if capture_output:
            if kwargs.get('stdout') is not None or kwargs.get('stderr') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdout and stderr arguments may not be used '
                                 'with capture_output.')
            kwargs['stdout'] = PIPE
            kwargs['stderr'] = PIPE
    
        with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
            try:
                stdout, stderr = process.communicate(input, timeout=timeout)
            except TimeoutExpired as exc:
                process.kill()
                if _mswindows:
                    # Windows accumulates the output in a single blocking
                    # read() call run on child threads, with the timeout
                    # being done in a join() on those threads.  communicate()
                    # _after_ kill() is required to collect that and add it
                    # to the exception.
                    exc.stdout, exc.stderr = process.communicate()
                else:
                    # POSIX _communicate already populated the output so
                    # far into the TimeoutExpired exception.
                    process.wait()
                raise
            except:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt, communicate handled that.
                process.kill()
                # We don't call process.wait() as .__exit__ does that for us.
                raise
            retcode = process.poll()
            if check and retcode:
>               raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
                                         output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
E               subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash']' returned non-zero exit status 2.

/usr/lib/python3.13/subprocess.py:577: CalledProcessError
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ERROR at setup of test_task03[nodes0] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

riot_ctrl = <function riot_ctrl.<locals>.ctrl at 0x7f1d475223e0>, netif_parser = <riotctrl_shell.netif.IfconfigListParser object at 0x7f1d49925400>

    @pytest.fixture
    # pylint: disable=W0621
    def rpl_nodes(riot_ctrl, netif_parser):
        nodes = (
>           riot_ctrl(0, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
            riot_ctrl(1, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
            riot_ctrl(2, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
            riot_ctrl(3, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
        )

07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py:112: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
conftest.py:389: in ctrl
    node.make_run(
.tox/test/lib/python3.13/site-packages/riotctrl/ctrl.py:216: in make_run
    return subprocess.run(command, env=self.env, *runargs, **runkwargs)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

input = None, capture_output = False, timeout = None, check = True, popenargs = (['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash'],)
kwargs = {'env': {'BOARD': 'iotlab-m3', 'COLUMNS': '277', 'DEFAULT_PAN_ID': '36860', 'HOME': '/home/mlenders', ...}, 'stderr': None, 'stdout': None}, process = <Popen: returncode: 2 args: ['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/ml...>, stdout = None, stderr = None
retcode = 2

    def run(*popenargs,
            input=None, capture_output=False, timeout=None, check=False, **kwargs):
        """Run command with arguments and return a CompletedProcess instance.
    
        The returned instance will have attributes args, returncode, stdout and
        stderr. By default, stdout and stderr are not captured, and those attributes
        will be None. Pass stdout=PIPE and/or stderr=PIPE in order to capture them,
        or pass capture_output=True to capture both.
    
        If check is True and the exit code was non-zero, it raises a
        CalledProcessError. The CalledProcessError object will have the return code
        in the returncode attribute, and output & stderr attributes if those streams
        were captured.
    
        If timeout (seconds) is given and the process takes too long,
         a TimeoutExpired exception will be raised.
    
        There is an optional argument "input", allowing you to
        pass bytes or a string to the subprocess's stdin.  If you use this argument
        you may not also use the Popen constructor's "stdin" argument, as
        it will be used internally.
    
        By default, all communication is in bytes, and therefore any "input" should
        be bytes, and the stdout and stderr will be bytes. If in text mode, any
        "input" should be a string, and stdout and stderr will be strings decoded
        according to locale encoding, or by "encoding" if set. Text mode is
        triggered by setting any of text, encoding, errors or universal_newlines.
    
        The other arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.
        """
        if input is not None:
            if kwargs.get('stdin') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdin and input arguments may not both be used.')
            kwargs['stdin'] = PIPE
    
        if capture_output:
            if kwargs.get('stdout') is not None or kwargs.get('stderr') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdout and stderr arguments may not be used '
                                 'with capture_output.')
            kwargs['stdout'] = PIPE
            kwargs['stderr'] = PIPE
    
        with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
            try:
                stdout, stderr = process.communicate(input, timeout=timeout)
            except TimeoutExpired as exc:
                process.kill()
                if _mswindows:
                    # Windows accumulates the output in a single blocking
                    # read() call run on child threads, with the timeout
                    # being done in a join() on those threads.  communicate()
                    # _after_ kill() is required to collect that and add it
                    # to the exception.
                    exc.stdout, exc.stderr = process.communicate()
                else:
                    # POSIX _communicate already populated the output so
                    # far into the TimeoutExpired exception.
                    process.wait()
                raise
            except:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt, communicate handled that.
                process.kill()
                # We don't call process.wait() as .__exit__ does that for us.
                raise
            retcode = process.poll()
            if check and retcode:
>               raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
                                         output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
E               subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash']' returned non-zero exit status 2.

/usr/lib/python3.13/subprocess.py:577: CalledProcessError
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ERROR at setup of test_task04[nodes0] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

riot_ctrl = <function riot_ctrl.<locals>.ctrl at 0x7f1d47521080>, netif_parser = <riotctrl_shell.netif.IfconfigListParser object at 0x7f1d49925400>

    @pytest.fixture
    # pylint: disable=W0621
    def rpl_nodes(riot_ctrl, netif_parser):
        nodes = (
>           riot_ctrl(0, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
            riot_ctrl(1, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
            riot_ctrl(2, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
            riot_ctrl(3, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
        )

07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py:112: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
conftest.py:389: in ctrl
    node.make_run(
.tox/test/lib/python3.13/site-packages/riotctrl/ctrl.py:216: in make_run
    return subprocess.run(command, env=self.env, *runargs, **runkwargs)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

input = None, capture_output = False, timeout = None, check = True, popenargs = (['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash'],)
kwargs = {'env': {'BOARD': 'iotlab-m3', 'COLUMNS': '277', 'DEFAULT_PAN_ID': '36860', 'HOME': '/home/mlenders', ...}, 'stderr': None, 'stdout': None}, process = <Popen: returncode: 2 args: ['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/ml...>, stdout = None, stderr = None
retcode = 2

    def run(*popenargs,
            input=None, capture_output=False, timeout=None, check=False, **kwargs):
        """Run command with arguments and return a CompletedProcess instance.
    
        The returned instance will have attributes args, returncode, stdout and
        stderr. By default, stdout and stderr are not captured, and those attributes
        will be None. Pass stdout=PIPE and/or stderr=PIPE in order to capture them,
        or pass capture_output=True to capture both.
    
        If check is True and the exit code was non-zero, it raises a
        CalledProcessError. The CalledProcessError object will have the return code
        in the returncode attribute, and output & stderr attributes if those streams
        were captured.
    
        If timeout (seconds) is given and the process takes too long,
         a TimeoutExpired exception will be raised.
    
        There is an optional argument "input", allowing you to
        pass bytes or a string to the subprocess's stdin.  If you use this argument
        you may not also use the Popen constructor's "stdin" argument, as
        it will be used internally.
    
        By default, all communication is in bytes, and therefore any "input" should
        be bytes, and the stdout and stderr will be bytes. If in text mode, any
        "input" should be a string, and stdout and stderr will be strings decoded
        according to locale encoding, or by "encoding" if set. Text mode is
        triggered by setting any of text, encoding, errors or universal_newlines.
    
        The other arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.
        """
        if input is not None:
            if kwargs.get('stdin') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdin and input arguments may not both be used.')
            kwargs['stdin'] = PIPE
    
        if capture_output:
            if kwargs.get('stdout') is not None or kwargs.get('stderr') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdout and stderr arguments may not be used '
                                 'with capture_output.')
            kwargs['stdout'] = PIPE
            kwargs['stderr'] = PIPE
    
        with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
            try:
                stdout, stderr = process.communicate(input, timeout=timeout)
            except TimeoutExpired as exc:
                process.kill()
                if _mswindows:
                    # Windows accumulates the output in a single blocking
                    # read() call run on child threads, with the timeout
                    # being done in a join() on those threads.  communicate()
                    # _after_ kill() is required to collect that and add it
                    # to the exception.
                    exc.stdout, exc.stderr = process.communicate()
                else:
                    # POSIX _communicate already populated the output so
                    # far into the TimeoutExpired exception.
                    process.wait()
                raise
            except:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt, communicate handled that.
                process.kill()
                # We don't call process.wait() as .__exit__ does that for us.
                raise
            retcode = process.poll()
            if check and retcode:
>               raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
                                         output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
E               subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash']' returned non-zero exit status 2.

/usr/lib/python3.13/subprocess.py:577: CalledProcessError
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ERROR at setup of test_task05[nodes0] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

riot_ctrl = <function riot_ctrl.<locals>.ctrl at 0x7f1d47556840>, netif_parser = <riotctrl_shell.netif.IfconfigListParser object at 0x7f1d49925400>

    @pytest.fixture
    # pylint: disable=W0621
    def rpl_nodes(riot_ctrl, netif_parser):
        nodes = (
>           riot_ctrl(0, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
            riot_ctrl(1, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
            riot_ctrl(2, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
            riot_ctrl(3, APP, Shell, modules="l2filter_whitelist"),
        )

07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py:112: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
conftest.py:389: in ctrl
    node.make_run(
.tox/test/lib/python3.13/site-packages/riotctrl/ctrl.py:216: in make_run
    return subprocess.run(command, env=self.env, *runargs, **runkwargs)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

input = None, capture_output = False, timeout = None, check = True, popenargs = (['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash'],)
kwargs = {'env': {'BOARD': 'iotlab-m3', 'COLUMNS': '277', 'DEFAULT_PAN_ID': '36860', 'HOME': '/home/mlenders', ...}, 'stderr': None, 'stdout': None}, process = <Popen: returncode: 2 args: ['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/ml...>, stdout = None, stderr = None
retcode = 2

    def run(*popenargs,
            input=None, capture_output=False, timeout=None, check=False, **kwargs):
        """Run command with arguments and return a CompletedProcess instance.
    
        The returned instance will have attributes args, returncode, stdout and
        stderr. By default, stdout and stderr are not captured, and those attributes
        will be None. Pass stdout=PIPE and/or stderr=PIPE in order to capture them,
        or pass capture_output=True to capture both.
    
        If check is True and the exit code was non-zero, it raises a
        CalledProcessError. The CalledProcessError object will have the return code
        in the returncode attribute, and output & stderr attributes if those streams
        were captured.
    
        If timeout (seconds) is given and the process takes too long,
         a TimeoutExpired exception will be raised.
    
        There is an optional argument "input", allowing you to
        pass bytes or a string to the subprocess's stdin.  If you use this argument
        you may not also use the Popen constructor's "stdin" argument, as
        it will be used internally.
    
        By default, all communication is in bytes, and therefore any "input" should
        be bytes, and the stdout and stderr will be bytes. If in text mode, any
        "input" should be a string, and stdout and stderr will be strings decoded
        according to locale encoding, or by "encoding" if set. Text mode is
        triggered by setting any of text, encoding, errors or universal_newlines.
    
        The other arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.
        """
        if input is not None:
            if kwargs.get('stdin') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdin and input arguments may not both be used.')
            kwargs['stdin'] = PIPE
    
        if capture_output:
            if kwargs.get('stdout') is not None or kwargs.get('stderr') is not None:
                raise ValueError('stdout and stderr arguments may not be used '
                                 'with capture_output.')
            kwargs['stdout'] = PIPE
            kwargs['stderr'] = PIPE
    
        with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
            try:
                stdout, stderr = process.communicate(input, timeout=timeout)
            except TimeoutExpired as exc:
                process.kill()
                if _mswindows:
                    # Windows accumulates the output in a single blocking
                    # read() call run on child threads, with the timeout
                    # being done in a join() on those threads.  communicate()
                    # _after_ kill() is required to collect that and add it
                    # to the exception.
                    exc.stdout, exc.stderr = process.communicate()
                else:
                    # POSIX _communicate already populated the output so
                    # far into the TimeoutExpired exception.
                    process.wait()
                raise
            except:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt, communicate handled that.
                process.kill()
                # We don't call process.wait() as .__exit__ does that for us.
                raise
            retcode = process.poll()
            if check and retcode:
>               raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
                                         output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
E               subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['make', '--no-print-directory', '-C', '/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp', 'flash']' returned non-zero exit status 2.

/usr/lib/python3.13/subprocess.py:577: CalledProcessError
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building application "tests_gnrc_udp" for "iotlab-m3" with CPU "stm32".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr setup -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/14.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/gnrc_rpl/gnrc_rpl.o: in function `_netapi_notify_event':
/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c:322:(.text._event_loop+0x90): undefined reference to `gnrc_netapi_notify_copy_event_data'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/Makefile.include:754: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/RIOT/tests/net/gnrc_udp/bin/iotlab-m3/tests_gnrc_udp.elf] Error 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- generated xml file: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/Release-Specs/test-report.xml -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
============================================================================================================== 236 deselected, 5 errors, 12 rerun in 742.73s (0:12:22) ==============================================================================================================
test: exit 1 (743.38 seconds) /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/Release-Specs> pytest -k spec07 --non-RC pid=650107
  test: FAIL code 1 (743.46=setup[0.08]+cmd[743.38] seconds)
  evaluation failed :( (743.51 seconds)

Interestingly, also the non-RPL tasks are failing, so I think something in IPv6 is broken.

On master it ran fine:

test: commands[0]> pytest -k spec07 --non-RC
================================================================================================================================ test session starts ================================================================================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.13.7, pytest-7.3.2, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/Release-Specs/.tox/test/bin/python
cachedir: .tox/test/.pytest_cache
rootdir: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/Release-Specs
configfile: setup.cfg
plugins: rerunfailures-14.0, cov-7.0.0
collected 242 items / 237 deselected / 5 selected                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task01[nodes0] PASSED                                                                                                                                                                                                                       [ 20%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task02[nodes0] PASSED                                                                                                                                                                                                                       [ 40%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task03[nodes0] PASSED                                                                                                                                                                                                                       [ 60%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task04[nodes0] PASSED                                                                                                                                                                                                                       [ 80%]
07-multi-hop/test_spec07.py::test_task05[nodes0] XFAIL (packet_loss 100.0 >= 10. This is an experimental task, see also https://github.com/RIOT-OS/Release-Specs/issues/142#issuecomment-561677974)                                                                           [100%]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- generated xml file: /home/mlenders/Repositories/RIOT-OS/Release-Specs/test-report.xml -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
============================================================================================================= 4 passed, 237 deselected, 1 xfailed in 905.91s (0:15:05) ==============================================================================================================
  test: OK (906.74=setup[0.09]+cmd[906.66] seconds)
  congratulations :) (906.79 seconds)

(see also the latest run of the weekly release-tests though that is already 4 days old)

You can test yourself by cloning https://github.com/RIOT-OS/Release-Specs and running

RIOTBASE="<path to RIOT repo>" tox -e test -- -k "spec07" --non-RC

in the root directory of that repo. You need an IoT-LAB account for that and be authenticated with that with iotlab-auth in your shell. See also the README there for more information.

crasbe

Just some minor style things.

sys/net/gnrc/netapi/gnrc_netapi.c

sys/net/gnrc/netapi/notify/gnrc_netapi_notify.c

sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c

Co-authored-by: crasbe <[email protected]>

Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: crasbe <[email protected]>

miri64

See #21608 (comment)

elenaf9 · 2025-11-26T15:07:07Z

I ran spec07 (multi hop, which includes unmodified RPL) of the release specifications to check if this breaks something.

Sadly, it does.

Thanks for testing!

Yes, I forgot to add conditional-compilation gates to the gnrc_rpl module. Should be fixed with d20a7b5. The spec07 now passes for me.

Gate with `IS_USED(MODULE_GNRC_NETAPI_NOTIFY)`.

Add conditional-compilation gates.

elenaf9 added 7 commits July 16, 2025 16:54

gnrc/netapi: add notification message type

7564665

nimble/netif: notify on BLE connection events

0408e39

gnrc/ipv6: notify L3_ROUTING of discovered/ unreachable nodes

fbd2219

gnrc/rpl: iterate through parents that match addr

9715791

Iterate through all parents whose address match `addr`. In most cases there will only be a single parent, but if `GNRC_RPL_INSTANCES_NUMOF > 1` then one node can be parent in multiple DODAGs.

gnrc/rpl: handle L3 routing events from netapi

9030409

Handle netapi notification for discovered and unreachable neighbors. For newly discovered neighbors, send a DIS message to the node. For unreachable nodes trigger a timeout for RPL parents that match the address.

nimble/rpble: don't send DIS on connection event

6cef5d6

`gnrc_rpl` now receives a notification if a new node is reachable (i.e., connected) and sends a DIS. No need anymore to also do it in rpble.

elenaf9 requested review from PeterKietzmann and miri64 as code owners July 17, 2025 08:21

github-actions bot added Area: network Area: Networking Area: pkg Area: External package ports Area: BLE Area: Bluetooth Low Energy support Area: sys Area: System labels Jul 17, 2025

elenaf9 commented Jul 17, 2025

View reviewed changes

This was referenced Jul 17, 2025

rpl, rpble: hint to RPL when on L2 a connection closes #21586

Closed

rpl, rpble: handle closed connection to parent(s) #21574

Open

crasbe added Type: new feature The issue requests / The PR implemements a new feature for RIOT CI: ready for build If set, CI server will compile all applications for all available boards for the labeled PR labels Jul 17, 2025

elenaf9 added 3 commits July 17, 2025 13:18

fixup! gnrc/rpl: handle L3 routing events from netapi

b6e19c2

fixup! gnrc/ipv6: modify nib nc on l2 connection event

f1b82ec

fixup! gnrc/netapi: add notification message type

4404817

mguetschow reviewed Jul 17, 2025

View reviewed changes

elenaf9 added 5 commits July 17, 2025 16:29

fixup! gnrc/netapi: add notification message type

e9d25cb

fixup! nimble/netif: notify on BLE connection events

6570d30

fixup! gnrc/ipv6: modify nib nc on l2 connection event

82b5059

fixup! gnrc/ipv6: notify L3_ROUTING of discovered/ unreachable nodes

7e911b8

fixup! gnrc/ipv6: modify nib nc on l2 connection event

d8d7c81

mguetschow mentioned this pull request Jul 22, 2025

net/gnrc_netif: add bus for interface events, gnrc_netif_up()/gnrc_netif_down() functions #17902

Open

mguetschow reviewed Jul 30, 2025

View reviewed changes

elenaf9 added 3 commits September 4, 2025 12:21

fixup! gnrc/ipv6: modify nib nc on l2 connection event

7713680

fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

f57c38b

fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

2d5e9c5

Hope murdock is happy now...

crasbe reviewed Sep 4, 2025

View reviewed changes

sys/include/net/gnrc/ipv6/nib/nc.h Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved

fixup! Apply suggestions from code review

7de5975

Weird doxygen parsing error. Co-authored-by: crasbe <[email protected]>

elenaf9 commented Sep 4, 2025

View reviewed changes

sys/include/net/gnrc/ipv6/nib/nc.h Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/gnrc_ipv6.c Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved

sys/net/gnrc/network_layer/ipv6/nib/_nib-6ln.h Show resolved Hide resolved

Like 7de5975

754fe9c

benpicco reviewed Sep 5, 2025

View reviewed changes

elenaf9 added 6 commits September 8, 2025 17:21

fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

0c8d01d

Use inverse semaphore instead of mutex+condvar+counter.

fixup! gnrc/netapi: add notification message type

97a0422

fixup! nimble/netif: notify on BLE connection events

d57474d

fixup! gnrc/ipv6: modify nib nc on l2 connection event

06c3e64

fixup! gnrc/ipv6: notify L3_ROUTING of discovered/ unreachable nodes

5328407

fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

00a8d28

miri64 reviewed Sep 30, 2025

View reviewed changes

elenaf9 and others added 3 commits October 1, 2025 11:23

fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

ed5ac34

Use blocking `sema_inv_wait`; `sema_inv_try_wait` didn't do anything if we don't want for the result.

fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

c45fd59

Implement single function for copying the event data for all notify event types.

fixup! gnrc/netapi: add notification message type

6e33db2

Suggestions from code review. Co-authored-by: Martine Lenders <[email protected]>

elenaf9 mentioned this pull request Oct 23, 2025

gnrc/rpl: float DODAG during local repair #21816

Open

fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

2ab900c

Only include netnotify if `nimble_netif` and `gnrc_ipv6` are included.

crasbe reviewed Nov 25, 2025

View reviewed changes

sys/net/gnrc/netapi/gnrc_netapi.c Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved

sys/net/gnrc/netapi/notify/gnrc_netapi_notify.c Show resolved Hide resolved

sys/net/gnrc/routing/rpl/gnrc_rpl.c Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved

elenaf9 and others added 2 commits November 26, 2025 15:59

fixup! gnrc/rpl: handle L3 routing events from netapi

d0df717

Co-authored-by: crasbe <[email protected]>

fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

e263d97

Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: crasbe <[email protected]>

miri64 requested changes Nov 26, 2025

View reviewed changes

fixup! fixup! gnrc/netapi/netnotify: ACK notify event directly

d20a7b5

Gate with `IS_USED(MODULE_GNRC_NETAPI_NOTIFY)`.

crasbe added the CI: no fast fail don't abort PR build after first error label Nov 26, 2025

fixup! gnrc/ipv6: modify nib nc on l2 connection event

11567f7

Add conditional-compilation gates.

elenaf9 requested a review from miri64 November 27, 2025 09:21

		* @param[in] netif The interface to @p l2addr.
		* @param[in] l2addr Layer 2 address.

gnrc, nimble/ble: notify network layer of BLE connection events #21608

Are you sure you want to change the base?

gnrc, nimble/ble: notify network layer of BLE connection events #21608

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elenaf9 commented Jul 17, 2025 • edited Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

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Contribution description

Cross-layer Communication with netapi

netapi notify

Handling BLE connection events

Testing procedure

Issues/PRs references

Additional Nodes

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riot-ci commented Jul 17, 2025 • edited Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

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Murdock results

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elenaf9 commented Jul 17, 2025 •

edited

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netapi `notify`

riot-ci commented Jul 17, 2025 •

edited

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