Quantinuum · zrho · Jul 18, 2025 · Jul 17, 2025 · lmondada · Jul 18, 2025
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 //! Exporting HUGR graphs to their `hugr-model` representation.
+use crate::Visibility;
 use crate::extension::ExtensionRegistry;
 use crate::hugr::internal::HugrInternals;
 use crate::types::type_param::Term;
@@ -20,13 +21,14 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 use fxhash::{FxBuildHasher, FxHashMap};
-use hugr_model::v0::Visibility;
+use hugr_model::v0::bumpalo;
 use hugr_model::v0::{
     self as model,
     bumpalo::{Bump, collections::String as BumpString, collections::Vec as BumpVec},
     table,
 };
 use petgraph::unionfind::UnionFind;
+use smol_str::ToSmolStr;
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
 /// Exports a deconstructed `Package` to its representation in the model.
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ struct Context<'a> {
     // that ensures that the `node_to_id` and `id_to_node` maps stay in sync.
 }
 
-const NO_VIS: Option<Visibility> = None;
+const NO_VIS: Option<model::Visibility> = None;
 
 impl<'a> Context<'a> {
     pub fn new(hugr: &'a Hugr, bump: &'a Bump) -> Self {
@@ -261,8 +263,12 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
 
         // We record the name of the symbol defined by the node, if any.
         let symbol = match optype {
-            OpType::FuncDefn(func_defn) => Some(func_defn.func_name().as_str()),
-            OpType::FuncDecl(func_decl) => Some(func_decl.func_name().as_str()),
+            OpType::FuncDefn(_) | OpType::FuncDecl(_) => {
+                // Functions aren't exported using their core name but with a mangled
+                // name derived from their id. The function's core name will be recorded
+                // using `core.title` metadata.
+                Some(self.mangled_name(node))
+            }
             OpType::AliasDecl(alias_decl) => Some(alias_decl.name.as_str()),
             OpType::AliasDefn(alias_defn) => Some(alias_defn.name.as_str()),
             _ => None,
@@ -282,6 +288,7 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
         // the node id. This is necessary to establish the correct node id for the
         // local scope introduced by some operations. We will overwrite this node later.
         let mut regions: &[_] = &[];
+        let mut meta = Vec::new();
 
         let node = self.id_to_node[&node_id];
         let optype = self.hugr.get_optype(node);
@@ -331,8 +338,10 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
             }
 
             OpType::FuncDefn(func) => self.with_local_scope(node_id, |this| {
+                let symbol_name = this.export_func_name(node, &mut meta);
+
                 let symbol = this.export_poly_func_type(
-                    func.func_name(),
+                    symbol_name,
                     Some(func.visibility().clone().into()),
                     func.signature(),
                 );
@@ -345,8 +354,10 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
             }),
 
             OpType::FuncDecl(func) => self.with_local_scope(node_id, |this| {
+                let symbol_name = this.export_func_name(node, &mut meta);
+
                 let symbol = this.export_poly_func_type(
-                    func.func_name(),
+                    symbol_name,
                     Some(func.visibility().clone().into()),
                     func.signature(),
                 );
@@ -502,12 +513,9 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
         let inputs = self.make_ports(node, Direction::Incoming, num_inputs);
         let outputs = self.make_ports(node, Direction::Outgoing, num_outputs);
 
-        let meta = {
-            let mut meta = Vec::new();
-            self.export_node_json_metadata(node, &mut meta);
-            self.export_node_order_metadata(node, &mut meta);
-            self.bump.alloc_slice_copy(&meta)
-        };
+        self.export_node_json_metadata(node, &mut meta);
+        self.export_node_order_metadata(node, &mut meta);
+        let meta = self.bump.alloc_slice_copy(&meta);
 
         self.module.nodes[node_id.index()] = table::Node {
             operation,
@@ -803,7 +811,7 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
     pub fn export_poly_func_type<RV: MaybeRV>(
         &mut self,
         name: &'a str,
-        visibility: Option<Visibility>,
+        visibility: Option<model::Visibility>,
         t: &PolyFuncTypeBase<RV>,
     ) -> &'a table::Symbol<'a> {
         let mut params = BumpVec::with_capacity_in(t.params().len(), self.bump);
@@ -1121,6 +1129,33 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Used when exporting function definitions or declarations. When the
+    /// function is public, its symbol name will be the core name. For private
+    /// functions, the symbol name is derived from the node id and the core name
+    /// is exported as `core.title` metadata.
+    ///
+    /// This is a hack, necessary due to core names for functions being
+    /// non-functional. Once functions have a "link name", that should be used as the symbol name here.
+    fn export_func_name(&mut self, node: Node, meta: &mut Vec<table::TermId>) -> &'a str {
+        let (name, vis) = match self.hugr.get_optype(node) {
+            OpType::FuncDefn(func_defn) => (func_defn.func_name(), func_defn.visibility()),
+            OpType::FuncDecl(func_decl) => (func_decl.func_name(), func_decl.visibility()),
+            _ => panic!(
+                "`export_func_name` is only supposed to be used on function declarations and definitions"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        match vis {
+            Visibility::Public => name,
+            Visibility::Private => {
+                let literal =
+                    self.make_term(table::Term::Literal(model::Literal::Str(name.to_smolstr())));
+                meta.push(self.make_term_apply(model::CORE_TITLE, &[literal]));
+                self.mangled_name(node)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn make_json_meta(&mut self, name: &str, value: &serde_json::Value) -> table::TermId {
         let value = serde_json::to_string(value).expect("json values are always serializable");
         let value = self.make_term(model::Literal::Str(value.into()).into());
@@ -1147,6 +1182,11 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
         let args = self.bump.alloc_slice_copy(args);
         self.make_term(table::Term::Apply(symbol, args))
     }
+
+    /// Creates a mangled name for a particular node.
+    fn mangled_name(&self, node: Node) -> &'a str {
+        bumpalo::format!(in &self.bump, "_{}", node.index()).into_bump_str()
+    }
 }
 
 type FxIndexSet<T> = indexmap::IndexSet<T, FxBuildHasher>;

@@ -970,8 +970,10 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
             "No visibility for FuncDefn".to_string(),
         ))?;
         self.import_poly_func_type(node_id, *symbol, |ctx, signature| {
+            let func_name = ctx.import_title_metadata(node_id)?.unwrap_or(symbol.name);
+
             let optype =
-                OpType::FuncDefn(FuncDefn::new_vis(symbol.name, signature, visibility.into()));
+                OpType::FuncDefn(FuncDefn::new_vis(func_name, signature, visibility.into()));
 
             let node = ctx.make_node(node_id, optype, parent)?;
 
@@ -999,8 +1001,10 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
             "No visibility for FuncDecl".to_string(),
         ))?;
         self.import_poly_func_type(node_id, *symbol, |ctx, signature| {
+            let func_name = ctx.import_title_metadata(node_id)?.unwrap_or(symbol.name);
+
             let optype =
-                OpType::FuncDecl(FuncDecl::new_vis(symbol.name, signature, visibility.into()));
+                OpType::FuncDecl(FuncDecl::new_vis(func_name, signature, visibility.into()));
             let node = ctx.make_node(node_id, optype, parent)?;
             Ok(node)
         })
@@ -1817,6 +1821,30 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
             N
         ))
     }
+
+    /// Searches for `core.title` metadata on the given node.
+    fn import_title_metadata(
+        &self,
+        node_id: table::NodeId,
+    ) -> Result<Option<&'a str>, ImportError> {
+        let node_data = self.get_node(node_id)?;
+        for meta in node_data.meta {
+            let Some([name]) = self.match_symbol(*meta, model::CORE_TITLE)? else {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            let table::Term::Literal(model::Literal::Str(name)) = self.get_term(name)? else {
+                return Err(error_invalid!(
+                    "`{}` metadata expected a string literal as argument",
+                    model::CORE_TITLE
+                ));
+            };
+
+            return Ok(Some(name.as_str()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(None)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Information about a local variable.

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ expression: ast
   (meta (compat.meta_json "title" "\"Callee\"")))
 
 (define-func
-  private
+  public
   example.caller
   (core.fn [arithmetic.int.types.int] [arithmetic.int.types.int])
   (meta
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ expression: ast
         (core.fn [arithmetic.int.types.int] [arithmetic.int.types.int])))))
 
 (define-func
-  private
+  public
   example.load
   (core.fn [] [(core.fn [arithmetic.int.types.int] [arithmetic.int.types.int])])
   (dfg [] [%0]

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ expression: ast
 
 (import core.adt)
 
-(define-func private example.cfg_loop (param ?0 core.type) (core.fn [?0] [?0])
+(define-func public example.cfg_loop (param ?0 core.type) (core.fn [?0] [?0])
   (dfg [%0] [%1]
     (signature (core.fn [?0] [?0]))
     (cfg [%0] [%1]

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ expression: ast
       "negation modulo 2^N (signed and unsigned versions are the same op)")))
 
 (define-func
-  private
+  public
   example.cond
   (core.fn
     [(core.adt [[] []]) (arithmetic.int.types.int 6)]

@@ -10,19 +10,22 @@ expression: ast
 
 (import core.nat)
 
-(import core.type)
-
 (import core.nonlinear)
 
+(import core.type)
+
 (import core.fn)
 
+(import core.title)
+
 (declare-func
   private
-  array.replicate
+  _1
   (param ?0 core.nat)
   (param ?1 core.type)
   (where (core.nonlinear ?1))
-  (core.fn [?1] [(collections.array.array ?0 ?1)]))
+  (core.fn [?1] [(collections.array.array ?0 ?1)])
+  (meta (core.title "array.replicate")))
 
 (declare-func
   public

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ expression: ast
 
 (import core.entrypoint)
 
-(define-func private wrapper_dfg (core.fn [] [])
+(define-func public wrapper_dfg (core.fn [] [])
   (dfg (signature (core.fn [] [])) (meta core.entrypoint)))
 
 (mod)

@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ expression: ast
 
 (import core.adt)
 
-(define-func private example.loop (param ?0 core.type) (core.fn [?0] [?0])
+(import core.title)
+
+(define-func private _1 (param ?0 core.type) (core.fn [?0] [?0])
+  (meta (core.title "example.loop"))
   (dfg [%0] [%1]
     (signature (core.fn [?0] [?0]))
     (tail-loop [%0] [%1]

@@ -6,20 +6,22 @@ expression: ast
 
 (mod)
 
-(import core.bytes)
-
-(import core.nat)
-
 (import core.call)
 
 (import core.type)
 
+(import core.bytes)
+
+(import core.nat)
+
 (import core.fn)
 
 (import core.str)
 
 (import core.float)
 
+(import core.title)
+
 (define-func
   public
   example.swap
@@ -37,7 +39,8 @@ expression: ast
   (param ?3 core.float)
   (core.fn [] []))
 
-(define-func private example.call_literals (core.fn [] [])
+(define-func private _5 (core.fn [] [])
+  (meta (core.title "example.call_literals"))
   (dfg
     (signature (core.fn [] []))
     ((core.call

@@ -322,6 +322,18 @@ pub const ORDER_HINT_OUTPUT_KEY: &str = "core.order_hint.output_key";
 /// - **Result:** `core.meta`
 pub const ORDER_HINT_ORDER: &str = "core.order_hint.order";
 
+/// Metadata constructor for symbol titles.
+///
+/// The names of functions in `hugr-core` are currently not used for symbol
+/// resolution, but rather serve as a short description of the function.
+/// As such, there is no requirement for uniqueness or formatting.
+/// This metadata can be used to preserve that name when serializing through
+/// `hugr-model`.
+///
+/// - **Parameter:** `?title: core.str`
+/// - **Result:** `core.meta`
+pub const CORE_TITLE: &str = "core.title";
+
 pub mod ast;
 pub mod binary;
 pub mod scope;

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  (meta (compat.meta_json "title" "\"Callee\""))
  (meta (compat.meta_json "description" "\"This is a function declaration.\"")))
 
-(define-func private example.caller
+(define-func public example.caller
   (core.fn [arithmetic.int.types.int] [arithmetic.int.types.int])
   (meta (compat.meta_json "title" "\"Caller\""))
   (meta (compat.meta_json "description" "\"This defines a function that calls the function which we declared earlier.\""))
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
        ((core.call _ _ example.callee) [%3] [%4]
                                                  (signature (core.fn [arithmetic.int.types.int] [arithmetic.int.types.int])))))
 
-(define-func private
+(define-func public
   example.load
   (core.fn [] [(core.fn [arithmetic.int.types.int] [arithmetic.int.types.int])])
   (dfg

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 (mod)
 
-(define-func private example.cfg_loop
+(define-func public example.cfg_loop
   (param ?a core.type)
   (core.fn [?a] [?a])
   (dfg [%0] [%1]

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 (mod)
 
-(define-func private
+(define-func public
   example.cond
   (core.fn
     [(core.adt [[] []]) (arithmetic.int.types.int 6)]

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 (mod)
 
-(define-func private wrapper_dfg
+(define-func public wrapper_dfg
   (core.fn [] [])
   (dfg [] []
     (signature (core.fn [] []))