Basic Github commands

Basic github commands to get started.

1. create a new repository

   • Best practices for names example: ​​basic-github-commands
     • use lower case.
     • use dashes.
     • create a .gitignore

2. git clone

3. git add [changes] or git add .

   • can be used with dot or not.

4. git status

5. git branch

   • list local branches

6. git branch -D [branch-name]

   • Force delete the specified branch, even if it has unmerged changes.

7. git branch -d [branch-name]

   • Delete the specified branch. This is a “safe” operation in that Git prevents you from deleting the branch if it has unmerged changes.

8. git branch -m [branch-name]

   • rename branch

9. git branch -a

   • list all remote branches.

10. git branch -vv

    • check if your local branch is behind, ahead.
    • Example:
      • master 58ec21ac [origin/master] update changelog
      • test-branch 58ec21ac update changelog

11. git checkout [branch-name]

    • switch between branches

12. git checkout -b [branch-name]

    • create new branch

13. git commit -m "any-comment"

14. git commit --allow-empty -m "any-comment"

    • allow empty commits, no changes

15. git pull origin [branch-name]

    • update local branch. ex: git pull origin master

16. git push origin [branch-name]

    • used to publish local changes to a central repository.

17. git merge origin/master

    • update local branch with master

18. git restore [file-name] and git restore .

    • remove file or changes before git add .

19. git restore --staged [file-name] and git restore --staged .

    • It will discard any local, uncommitted changes.
    • Exemple: To remove changes after execute git add .

20. git clean -f - d [file-name]

    • delete untracked files

21. git log

    • show commit logs

22. git reset –hard [commit]

    • This command discards all history and goes back to the specified commit.
    • git reset --hard HEAD^ going back to the commit before HEAD.
    • git reset --hard HEAD~2 going back two commits before HEAD.

23. git rebase -i HEAD~4

    • HEAD means where you are working [current_branch].
    • have 4 commits, but you haven’t pushed anything yet and you want to put everything into one commit.
    • 4 is the number of commits, can be any number.
    • all commits above: commit [commit-mumber] (origin/main, origin/HEAD)