Check for overflow before addition in analysisOfVariance function

[antonio2368]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Check for overflow when handling group number argument for analysisOfVariance to avoid crashes. Crash found using WINGFUZZ.

Fixes #53716

Documentation entry for user-facing changes

• Documentation is written (mandatory for new features)

Information about CI checks: https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/development/continuous-integration/

[robot-clickhouse]

This is an automated comment for commit c795b9c with description of existing statuses. It's updated for the latest CI running
The full report is available here
The overall status of the commit is 🔴 failure

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[antonio2368]

Checking out stress test failure

/build/src/Storages/StorageReplicatedMergeTree.cpp:4829: void DB::StorageReplicatedMergeTree::startupImpl(bool): Assertion `prev_ptr == nullptr' failed.