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Human in Loop的几种实现方式
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<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>human-in-loop是指在agent的循环执行中，让人能够介入，从而让自动化流程中可以使用人这个工具来实现输入密码、授予权限等操作。<br>实现human-in-loop主要取决于两个能力：</p>
<ol>
<li>阻塞通知能力，原地阻塞，等待用户输入，用户输入将通过事件通知的方式来触发流程的继续执行，例如：LlamaIndex和ADK的实现</li>
<li>中断恢复能力，在关键执行节点保存执行上下文，让任务能恢复执行，例如：LangGraph的实现</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="LangGraph的实现模式"><a href="#LangGraph的实现模式" class="headerlink" title="LangGraph的实现模式"></a>LangGraph的实现模式</h1><p>LangGraph 中的人机循环工作流建立在 checkpoint 系统之上，使用检查点保存每一步的图形状态，并在人工干预后恢复。</p>
<h2 id="中断原语"><a href="#中断原语" class="headerlink" title="中断原语"></a>中断原语</h2><p><img src="/imgs/AI/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E6%97%B6%E5%BA%8F%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="中断时序图.png"></p>
<h2 id="Common-Patterns（常见模式）"><a href="#Common-Patterns（常见模式）" class="headerlink" title="Common Patterns（常见模式）"></a>Common Patterns（常见模式）</h2><p>LangGraph中的人机循环实现提供了几种常见的模式，用于不同的应用场景：</p>
<h3 id="1-审批或拒绝模式（Approve-or-Reject）"><a href="#1-审批或拒绝模式（Approve-or-Reject）" class="headerlink" title="1. 审批或拒绝模式（Approve or Reject）"></a>1. 审批或拒绝模式（Approve or Reject）</h3><p><img src="/imgs/AI/Node%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%B5%81.png" alt="Node中断执行流.png"><br>用于需要人工审批的场景，比如内容审核、决策确认等。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">approval_node</span>(<span class="params">state</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 准备需要审批的内容</span></span><br><span class="line"> content_to_review = state[<span class="string">"generated_content"</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 中断等待人工审批</span></span><br><span class="line"> approval = interrupt({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"content"</span>: content_to_review,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"action"</span>: <span class="string">"approve_or_reject"</span></span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> approval == <span class="string">"approve"</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> {<span class="string">"status"</span>: <span class="string">"approved"</span>, <span class="string">"content"</span>: content_to_review}</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> {<span class="string">"status"</span>: <span class="string">"rejected"</span>, <span class="string">"content"</span>: <span class="literal">None</span>}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-审查和编辑状态模式（Review-and-Edit-State）"><a href="#2-审查和编辑状态模式（Review-and-Edit-State）" class="headerlink" title="2. 审查和编辑状态模式（Review and Edit State）"></a>2. 审查和编辑状态模式（Review and Edit State）</h3><p>允许人工审查当前状态并进行编辑修改。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">review_edit_node</span>(<span class="params">state</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> current_state = {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"text"</span>: state.get(<span class="string">"text"</span>, <span class="string">""</span>),</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"metadata"</span>: state.get(<span class="string">"metadata"</span>, {})</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 中断等待人工编辑</span></span><br><span class="line"> edited_state = interrupt({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"current_state"</span>: current_state,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"instruction"</span>: <span class="string">"请审查并编辑当前状态"</span></span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> edited_state</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="3-审查工具调用模式（Review-Tool-Calls）"><a href="#3-审查工具调用模式（Review-Tool-Calls）" class="headerlink" title="3. 审查工具调用模式（Review Tool Calls）"></a>3. 审查工具调用模式（Review Tool Calls）</h3><p><img src="/imgs/AI/Tool%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%B5%81.png" alt="Tool中断执行流.png"><br>在工具执行前进行人工审查，确保工具调用的正确性。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">tool_review_node</span>(<span class="params">state</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> tool_calls = state[<span class="string">"proposed_tool_calls"</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 中断等待人工确认工具调用</span></span><br><span class="line"> approved_calls = interrupt({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"tool_calls"</span>: tool_calls,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"action"</span>: <span class="string">"review_tool_calls"</span></span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> {<span class="string">"approved_tool_calls"</span>: approved_calls}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="4-为任何工具添加中断模式（Add-Interrupts-to-Any-Tool）"><a href="#4-为任何工具添加中断模式（Add-Interrupts-to-Any-Tool）" class="headerlink" title="4. 为任何工具添加中断模式（Add Interrupts to Any Tool）"></a>4. 为任何工具添加中断模式（Add Interrupts to Any Tool）</h3><p>可以在任何工具执行前后添加人工干预点。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">tool_with_interrupt</span>(<span class="params">state</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 工具执行前的确认</span></span><br><span class="line"> pre_confirmation = interrupt({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"message"</span>: <span class="string">"即将执行工具，请确认"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"tool_name"</span>: <span class="string">"api_call"</span></span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 执行工具</span></span><br><span class="line"> result = execute_tool(state[<span class="string">"parameters"</span>])</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 工具执行后的审查</span></span><br><span class="line"> post_review = interrupt({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"result"</span>: result,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"action"</span>: <span class="string">"review_result"</span></span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> {<span class="string">"final_result"</span>: post_review}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="5-验证人工输入模式（Validate-Human-Input）"><a href="#5-验证人工输入模式（Validate-Human-Input）" class="headerlink" title="5. 验证人工输入模式（Validate Human Input）"></a>5. 验证人工输入模式（Validate Human Input）</h3><p>对人工输入进行验证，确保输入的正确性和完整性。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">validation_node</span>(<span class="params">state</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span> <span class="literal">True</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 获取人工输入</span></span><br><span class="line"> user_input = interrupt({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"message"</span>: <span class="string">"请输入数据"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"validation_rules"</span>: [<span class="string">"required"</span>, <span class="string">"email_format"</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 验证输入</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> validate_input(user_input):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> {<span class="string">"validated_input"</span>: user_input}</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 输入无效，继续循环</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">continue</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="使用注意事项"><a href="#使用注意事项" class="headerlink" title="使用注意事项"></a>使用注意事项</h2><h3 id="1-副作用处理"><a href="#1-副作用处理" class="headerlink" title="1. 副作用处理"></a>1. 副作用处理</h3><ul>
<li>将带有副作用的代码（如API调用）放在<code>interrupt</code>之后或单独的节点中</li>
<li>避免在中断点之前执行不可逆的操作</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-子图调用"><a href="#2-子图调用" class="headerlink" title="2. 子图调用"></a>2. 子图调用</h3><ul>
<li>当子图作为函数调用时，父图会从调用子图的节点开始重新执行</li>
<li>子图会从包含<code>interrupt</code>的节点开始重新执行</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-单节点多中断"><a href="#3-单节点多中断" class="headerlink" title="3. 单节点多中断"></a>3. 单节点多中断</h3><ul>
<li>在单个节点中使用多个中断时，需要注意执行顺序</li>
<li>中断的匹配是基于严格索引的，顺序很重要</li>
<li>避免动态改变节点结构，可能导致索引不匹配</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>参考文档</strong><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://deepwiki.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/4-human-in-the-loop-capabilities#common-hil-patterns">https://deepwiki.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/4-human-in-the-loop-capabilities#common-hil-patterns</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/how-tos/human_in_the_loop/add-human-in-the-loop/#pause-using-interrupt">https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/how-tos/human_in_the_loop/add-human-in-the-loop/#pause-using-interrupt</a></p>
<h1 id="LlamaIndex"><a href="#LlamaIndex" class="headerlink" title="LlamaIndex"></a>LlamaIndex</h1><p><img src="/imgs/AI/llamaindex_humaninloop.png" alt="llamaindex_humaninloop.png"><br>LlamaIndex会向外发送一个消息InputRequiredEvent事件，然后等待外部处理事件后回馈一个回执事件HumanResponseEvent</p>
<ul>
<li>事件驱动：使用 InputRequiredEvent 和 HumanResponseEvent 进行异步通信</li>
<li>人工确认：危险操作需要用户明确确认（”yes” 或 “no”）</li>
<li>异步处理：使用 async/await 模式处理异步事件</li>
<li>流式处理：通过 stream_events() 实时处理事件流</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>参考文档</strong><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/run-llama/python-agents-tutorial/blob/main/5_human_in_the_loop.py">https://github.com/run-llama/python-agents-tutorial/blob/main/5_human_in_the_loop.py</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.llamaindex.ai/en/stable/understanding/agent/human_in_the_loop/">https://docs.llamaindex.ai/en/stable/understanding/agent/human_in_the_loop/</a></p>
<h1 id="ADK"><a href="#ADK" class="headerlink" title="ADK"></a>ADK</h1><p>长时间运行工具（Long-Running Tools）<br>这是最直接的实现方式，使用LongRunningFunctionTool来处理需要人工干预的异步操作。<br>核心实现流程：</p>
<ol>
<li>初始调用：Agent调用长时间运行工具，工具立即返回pending状态和跟踪ID</li>
<li>等待人工干预：系统等待外部人工处理</li>
<li>更新工具响应：人工处理完成后，必须构造新的types.FunctionResponse并发送给Agent</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="/imgs/AI/adk_humaninloop.png" alt="adk_humaninloop.png"></p>
<p><strong>参考文档</strong><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://deepwiki.com/search/human-in-the-loop_c1195076-6732-4fa2-97fe-4a4d444faec6">https://deepwiki.com/search/human-in-the-loop_c1195076-6732-4fa2-97fe-4a4d444faec6</a></p>
<h1 id="magentic-ui-human-in-loop"><a href="#magentic-ui-human-in-loop" class="headerlink" title="magentic-ui human in loop"></a>magentic-ui human in loop</h1><p>connection.py定义用户输入函数：更新agent运行状态等待用户输入，然后阻塞等待用户输入<br><img src="/imgs/AI/magentic_human_1.png" alt="magentic_human_1.png"><br><img src="/imgs/AI/magentic_human_2.png" alt="magentic_human_2.png"></p>
<p>将user_input包装为Agent<br><img src="/imgs/AI/magentic_human_3.png" alt="magentic_human_3.png"></p>
<p>Agent作为team的参与者，被分发<br><img src="/imgs/AI/magentic_human_4.png" alt="magentic_human_4.png"></p>
<p><strong>参考文档</strong><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/microsoft/magentic-ui">https://github.com/microsoft/magentic-ui</a></p>
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