diff --git a/internal/runner/healthcheck.go b/internal/runner/healthcheck.go
index 627b55cb12..28fee99d81 100644
--- a/internal/runner/healthcheck.go
+++ b/internal/runner/healthcheck.go
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ import (
 func DoHealthCheck(options *types.Options) string {
 	// RW permissions on config file
 	var test strings.Builder
-	test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Version: %s\n", config.Version))
-	test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Operating System: %s\n", runtime.GOOS))
-	test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Architecture: %s\n", runtime.GOARCH))
-	test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Go Version: %s\n", runtime.Version()))
-	test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Compiler: %s\n", runtime.Compiler))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&test, "Version: %s\n", config.Version)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&test, "Operating System: %s\n", runtime.GOOS)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&test, "Architecture: %s\n", runtime.GOARCH)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&test, "Go Version: %s\n", runtime.Version())
+	fmt.Fprintf(&test, "Compiler: %s\n", runtime.Compiler)
 
 	var testResult string
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func DoHealthCheck(options *types.Options) string {
 		if err != nil {
 			testResult += fmt.Sprintf(" (%s)", err)
 		}
-		test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("File \"%s\" Read => %s\n", filename, testResult))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&test, "File \"%s\" Read => %s\n", filename, testResult)
 		ok, err = fileutil.IsWriteable(filename)
 		if ok {
 			testResult = "Ok"
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func DoHealthCheck(options *types.Options) string {
 		if err != nil {
 			testResult += fmt.Sprintf(" (%s)", err)
 		}
-		test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("File \"%s\" Write => %s\n", filename, testResult))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&test, "File \"%s\" Write => %s\n", filename, testResult)
 	}
 	c4, err := net.Dial("tcp4", "scanme.sh:80")
 	if err == nil && c4 != nil {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func DoHealthCheck(options *types.Options) string {
 	if err != nil {
 		testResult = fmt.Sprintf("Ko (%s)", err)
 	}
-	test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("IPv4 connectivity to scanme.sh:80 => %s\n", testResult))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&test, "IPv4 connectivity to scanme.sh:80 => %s\n", testResult)
 	c6, err := net.Dial("tcp6", "scanme.sh:80")
 	if err == nil && c6 != nil {
 		_ = c6.Close()
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func DoHealthCheck(options *types.Options) string {
 	if err != nil {
 		testResult = fmt.Sprintf("Ko (%s)", err)
 	}
-	test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("IPv6 connectivity to scanme.sh:80 => %s\n", testResult))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&test, "IPv6 connectivity to scanme.sh:80 => %s\n", testResult)
 	u4, err := net.Dial("udp4", "scanme.sh:53")
 	if err == nil && u4 != nil {
 		_ = u4.Close()
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func DoHealthCheck(options *types.Options) string {
 	if err != nil {
 		testResult = fmt.Sprintf("Ko (%s)", err)
 	}
-	test.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("IPv4 UDP connectivity to scanme.sh:53 => %s\n", testResult))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&test, "IPv4 UDP connectivity to scanme.sh:53 => %s\n", testResult)
 
 	return test.String()
 }
diff --git a/lib/sdk_private.go b/lib/sdk_private.go
index aa8ad9fe37..78c45d2759 100644
--- a/lib/sdk_private.go
+++ b/lib/sdk_private.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func (e *NucleiEngine) applyRequiredDefaults(ctx context.Context) {
 			return
 		}
 		sb := strings.Builder{}
-		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("[%v] ", event.TemplateID))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "[%v] ", event.TemplateID)
 		if event.Matched != "" {
 			sb.WriteString(event.Matched)
 		} else {
diff --git a/pkg/fuzz/analyzers/time/time_delay.go b/pkg/fuzz/analyzers/time/time_delay.go
index e22c99999f..77fe15346f 100644
--- a/pkg/fuzz/analyzers/time/time_delay.go
+++ b/pkg/fuzz/analyzers/time/time_delay.go
@@ -98,15 +98,13 @@ func checkTimingDependency(
 	result := regression.IsWithinConfidence(correlationErrorRange, 1.0, slopeErrorRange)
 	if result {
 		var resultReason strings.Builder
-		resultReason.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[time_delay] made %d requests (baseline: %.2fs) successfully, with a regression slope of %.2f and correlation %.2f",
+		fmt.Fprintf(&resultReason, "[time_delay] made %d requests (baseline: %.2fs) successfully, with a regression slope of %.2f and correlation %.2f",
 			requestsLimit,
 			baselineDelay,
 			regression.slope,
-			regression.correlation,
-		))
+			regression.correlation)
 		for _, request := range requestsSent {
-			resultReason.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("\n - delay: %ds, delayReceived: %fs", request.delay, request.delayReceived))
+			fmt.Fprintf(&resultReason, "\n - delay: %ds, delayReceived: %fs", request.delay, request.delayReceived)
 		}
 		return result, resultReason.String(), nil
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/js/devtools/scrapefuncs/main.go b/pkg/js/devtools/scrapefuncs/main.go
index aac105ebc0..cd7fe765cc 100644
--- a/pkg/js/devtools/scrapefuncs/main.go
+++ b/pkg/js/devtools/scrapefuncs/main.go
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ iconType: "solid"
 				for _, sig := range f.Signatures {
 					sigSlice = append(sigSlice, "`"+sig+"`")
 				}
-				sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("| %s | %s | %s |\n", f.Name, f.Description, strings.Join(sigSlice, ", ")))
+				fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "| %s | %s | %s |\n", f.Name, f.Description, strings.Join(sigSlice, ", "))
 			}
 			sb.WriteString("\n")
 		}
diff --git a/pkg/js/devtools/tsgen/cmd/tsgen/main.go b/pkg/js/devtools/tsgen/cmd/tsgen/main.go
index 5296c11933..4446c20d8f 100644
--- a/pkg/js/devtools/tsgen/cmd/tsgen/main.go
+++ b/pkg/js/devtools/tsgen/cmd/tsgen/main.go
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func main() {
 	// generating index.ts file
 	var buff bytes.Buffer
 	for _, dir := range dirs {
-		buff.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("export * as %s from './%s';\n", filepath.Base(dir), filepath.Base(dir)))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buff, "export * as %s from './%s';\n", filepath.Base(dir), filepath.Base(dir))
 	}
 	_ = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(out, "index.ts"), buff.Bytes(), 0755)
 }
diff --git a/pkg/js/libs/ldap/utils.go b/pkg/js/libs/ldap/utils.go
index bcff41dc49..ba913d28c4 100644
--- a/pkg/js/libs/ldap/utils.go
+++ b/pkg/js/libs/ldap/utils.go
@@ -219,10 +219,10 @@ func DecodeSID(s string) string {
 
 	var builder strings.Builder
 	builder.WriteString("S-")
-	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d-", revisionLvl))
-	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d", authority))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&builder, "%d-", revisionLvl)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&builder, "%d", authority)
 	for _, v := range subAuthorities {
-		builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("-%d", v))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&builder, "-%d", v)
 	}
 	return builder.String()
 }
diff --git a/pkg/js/libs/mysql/mysql_private.go b/pkg/js/libs/mysql/mysql_private.go
index fae42ecd1f..5124af7bde 100644
--- a/pkg/js/libs/mysql/mysql_private.go
+++ b/pkg/js/libs/mysql/mysql_private.go
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ func BuildDSN(opts MySQLOptions) (string, error) {
 	}
 	target := net.JoinHostPort(opts.Host, fmt.Sprintf("%d", opts.Port))
 	var dsn strings.Builder
-	dsn.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v", url.QueryEscape(opts.Username), opts.Password))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&dsn, "%v:%v", url.QueryEscape(opts.Username), opts.Password)
 	dsn.WriteString("@")
-	dsn.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", opts.Protocol, target))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&dsn, "%v(%v)", opts.Protocol, target)
 	if opts.DbName != "" {
 		dsn.WriteString(opts.DbName)
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/engine.go b/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/engine.go
index 0d2a75786c..ff663528bf 100644
--- a/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/engine.go
+++ b/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/engine.go
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v3/pkg/types"
 	fileutil "github.com/projectdiscovery/utils/file"
 	osutils "github.com/projectdiscovery/utils/os"
-	processutil "github.com/projectdiscovery/utils/process"
 )
 
 // Browser is a browser structure for nuclei headless module
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@ type Browser struct {
 	customAgent    string
 	defaultHeaders map[string]string
 	tempDir        string
-	previousPIDs   map[int32]struct{} // track already running PIDs
 	engine         *rod.Browser
 	options        *types.Options
 	launcher       *launcher.Launcher
@@ -36,14 +34,11 @@ type Browser struct {
 // New creates a new nuclei headless browser module
 func New(options *types.Options) (*Browser, error) {
 	var launcherURL, dataStore string
-	var previousPIDs map[int32]struct{}
 	var err error
 
 	chromeLauncher := launcher.New()
 
 	if options.CDPEndpoint == "" {
-		previousPIDs = processutil.FindProcesses(processutil.IsChromeProcess)
-
 		dataStore, err = os.MkdirTemp("", "nuclei-*")
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create temporary directory")
@@ -135,7 +130,6 @@ func New(options *types.Options) (*Browser, error) {
 		httpClientOnce: &sync.Once{},
 		launcher:       chromeLauncher,
 	}
-	engine.previousPIDs = previousPIDs
 	return engine, nil
 }
 
@@ -199,5 +193,4 @@ func (b *Browser) Close() {
 	_ = b.engine.Close()
 	b.launcher.Kill()
 	_ = os.RemoveAll(b.tempDir)
-	processutil.CloseProcesses(processutil.IsChromeProcess, b.previousPIDs)
 }
diff --git a/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/page_actions_test.go b/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/page_actions_test.go
index 59ff75ef9e..bbd95de366 100644
--- a/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/page_actions_test.go
+++ b/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/page_actions_test.go
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ func TestActionNavigate(t *testing.T) {
 
 	testHeadlessSimpleResponse(t, response, actions, 60*time.Second, func(page *Page, err error, out ActionData) {
 		require.Nilf(t, err, "could not run page actions")
-		require.Equal(t, "Nuclei Test Page", page.Page().MustInfo().Title, "could not navigate correctly")
+		require.NotNil(t, page, "page should not be nil")
+		info, infoErr := page.Page().Info()
+		require.NoError(t, infoErr, "could not fetch page info")
+		require.Equal(t, "Nuclei Test Page", info.Title, "could not navigate correctly")
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/rules.go b/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/rules.go
index 0ff933aeaa..9e2af4bc16 100644
--- a/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/rules.go
+++ b/pkg/protocols/headless/engine/rules.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (p *Page) routingRuleHandler(httpClient *http.Client) func(ctx *rod.Hijack)
 		var rawResp strings.Builder
 		respPayloads := ctx.Response.Payload()
 		if respPayloads != nil {
-			rawResp.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("HTTP/1.1 %d %s\n", respPayloads.ResponseCode, respPayloads.ResponsePhrase))
+			fmt.Fprintf(&rawResp, "HTTP/1.1 %d %s\n", respPayloads.ResponseCode, respPayloads.ResponsePhrase)
 			for _, header := range respPayloads.ResponseHeaders {
 				rawResp.WriteString(header.Name + ": " + header.Value + "\n")
 			}
@@ -126,17 +126,17 @@ func (p *Page) routingRuleHandlerNative(e *proto.FetchRequestPaused) error {
 
 	// attempts to rebuild request
 	var rawReq strings.Builder
-	rawReq.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %s\n", e.Request.Method, e.Request.URL, "HTTP/1.1"))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&rawReq, "%s %s %s\n", e.Request.Method, e.Request.URL, "HTTP/1.1")
 	for _, header := range e.Request.Headers {
-		rawReq.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", header.String()))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&rawReq, "%s\n", header.String())
 	}
 	if e.Request.HasPostData {
-		rawReq.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("\n%s\n", e.Request.PostData))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&rawReq, "\n%s\n", e.Request.PostData)
 	}
 
 	// attempts to rebuild the response
 	var rawResp strings.Builder
-	rawResp.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("HTTP/1.1 %d %s\n", statusCode, e.ResponseStatusText))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&rawResp, "HTTP/1.1 %d %s\n", statusCode, e.ResponseStatusText)
 	for _, header := range e.ResponseHeaders {
 		rawResp.WriteString(header.Name + ": " + header.Value + "\n")
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/reporting/reporting.go b/pkg/reporting/reporting.go
index 58d7f61fb1..1b08afe3e8 100644
--- a/pkg/reporting/reporting.go
+++ b/pkg/reporting/reporting.go
@@ -262,10 +262,10 @@ func (c *ReportingClient) Close() {
 					continue
 				}
 				var msgBuilder strings.Builder
-				msgBuilder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d %s tickets created successfully", created, trackerName))
+				fmt.Fprintf(&msgBuilder, "%d %s tickets created successfully", created, trackerName)
 				failed := stats.Failed.Load()
 				if failed > 0 {
-					msgBuilder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(", %d failed", failed))
+					fmt.Fprintf(&msgBuilder, ", %d failed", failed)
 				}
 				gologger.Info().Msgf("%v", msgBuilder.String())
 			}
diff --git a/pkg/utils/utils.go b/pkg/utils/utils.go
index 471c0e73ae..021ca8bbd6 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/utils.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/utils.go
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func MapHash[K constraints.Ordered, V any](m map[K]V) uint64 {
 	keys := mapsutil.GetSortedKeys(m)
 	var sb strings.Builder
 	for _, k := range keys {
-		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v\n", k, m[k]))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "%v:%v\n", k, m[k])
 	}
 	return xxhash.Sum64([]byte(sb.String()))
 }