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Glossary

This document defines the technical terms and concepts used throughout the SolVoid protocol and documentation.

Solana Terminology

  • Account: A record in the Solana ledger that either holds data or is an executable program.
  • Anchor: A framework for Solana's Sealevel runtime providing several developer tools, including the IDL.
  • PDA (Program Derived Address): Addresses that are derived from a program ID and a set of seeds. They do not have a private key and are "owned" by the program.
  • Lamport: The smallest unit of SOL ($1 \text{ SOL} = 10^9 \text{ lamports}$).
  • RPC (Remote Procedure Call): The protocol used to communicate with a Solana node.

Privacy & ZK Terminology

  • Commitment: A cryptographic primitive that allows one to commit to a chosen value while keeping it hidden from others, with the ability to reveal it later.
  • Groth16: A popular ZK-SNARK proving system known for its small proof size and fast verification.
  • Merkle Tree: A tree in which every leaf node is labelled with the cryptographic hash of a data block, and every non-leaf node is labelled with the cryptographic hash of the labels of its child nodes.
  • Nullifier: A unique value derived from a secret and a serial number. When a user spends a commitment, they reveal the nullifier to prevent double-spending without revealing the commitment itself.
  • Nullifier Hash: The on-chain representation of a spent nullifier.
  • Path (Merkle Proof): The set of sibling hashes required to reconstruct the Merkle Root from a specific leaf.
  • Poseidon Hash: A hash function optimized for ZK circuits, minimizing the number of R1CS constraints.
  • Root: The top-most hash of a Merkle Tree, representing the state of all leaves (commitments) in the tree.
  • Secret: A randomly generated private value known only to the user, used to derive the commitment.
  • ZK-SNARK: Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge. A type of ZK proof that is small and easy to verify.

Project-Specific Concepts

  • Rescue: The process of scanning a public wallet for "privacy leaks" (linked identities or assets) and providing a remediation path through SolVoid.
  • Shielding: The act of depositing SOL into the SolVoid vault to break the on-chain link to its origin.
  • Shield Module: The component of the SDK responsible for commitment generation and deposit preparation.
  • SolVoid Vault: The PDA-controlled account on Solana that holds all shielded SOL assets.

Acronyms & Abbreviations

  • CU: Compute Unit (Solana's measure of computational effort).
  • IDL: Interface Definition Language (defines how to interact with a Solana program).
  • MPC: Multi-Party Computation (used for the trusted setup ceremony).
  • R1CS: Rank-1 Constraint System (the mathematical representation of ZK circuits).
  • SPL: Solana Program Library (the standard for tokens on Solana).