diff --git a/src/flask_wtf/file.py b/src/flask_wtf/file.py
index 98c45770..635de929 100644
--- a/src/flask_wtf/file.py
+++ b/src/flask_wtf/file.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from collections import abc
+from io import BytesIO
 
 from werkzeug.datastructures import FileStorage
 from wtforms import FileField as _FileField
@@ -129,8 +130,17 @@ def __call__(self, form, field):
             return
 
         for f in field_data:
-            file_size = len(f.read())
-            f.seek(0)  # reset cursor position to beginning of file
+            if isinstance(f.stream, BytesIO):
+                file_size = f.getbuffer().nbytes
+            elif f.seekable():
+                file_size = f.seek(0, 2)
+                f.seek(0)
+            else:
+                file_size = len(f.read())
+                try:
+                    f.seek(0)  # reset cursor position to beginning of file
+                except OSError:
+                    pass  # welp we broke it
 
             if (file_size < self.min_size) or (file_size > self.max_size):
                 # the file is too small or too big => validation failure
diff --git a/tests/test_file.py b/tests/test_file.py
index 87654d42..00e75183 100644
--- a/tests/test_file.py
+++ b/tests/test_file.py
@@ -102,6 +102,25 @@ def test_file_size_small_file_passes_validation(form, tmp_path):
         assert f.validate()
 
 
+def test_file_size_bytesio_passes_validation(form):
+    from io import BytesIO
+
+    form.file.kwargs["validators"] = [FileSize(max_size=100)]
+    contents = BytesIO(b"small")
+    f = form(file=FileStorage(contents, filename="bytes"))
+    assert f.validate()
+
+
+def test_file_size_bytesio_too_big_fails_validation(form):
+    from io import BytesIO
+
+    form.file.kwargs["validators"] = [FileSize(max_size=100)]
+    contents = BytesIO(b"small" * 30)
+    f = form(file=FileStorage(contents, filename="bytes"))
+    assert not f.validate()
+    assert f.file.errors[0] == "File must be between 0 and 100 bytes."
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "min_size, max_size, invalid_file_size", [(1, 100, 0), (0, 100, 101)]
 )