[component] Reject `component.ID`s that are too long

[mx-psi]

Follow up to #9208, proposed by @hughesjj at #9670 (comment).

While this is a breaking change I think we can make it in one go since it's likely to affect nobody.

[atoulme]

@hughesjj what would be the max length allowed?

[TylerHelmuth]

k8s uses 63, thats good enough for me

[ankitpatel96]

I can work on this!