Add testing for Go 1.22, drop testing for Go 1.20 #31105
Description
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Describe the issue you're reporting
Same as #25116 but for Go 1.22/Go 1.20.
Similar to open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/issues/9507, we want to remove testing with Go 1.20, add testing with Go 1.22 and allow contributors to use Go 1.21+ specific features.
This is blocked by open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/issues/9507
This unblocks the updates listed in #30101 and fixes #29290 partly.