diff --git a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_collector/dc_mod.rs b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_collector/dc_mod.rs
index 49b8eee1755..6be22bdea24 100644
--- a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_collector/dc_mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_collector/dc_mod.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use crate::ast::{
 };
 use crate::hir::resolution::errors::ResolverError;
 use crate::node_interner::{ModuleAttributes, NodeInterner, ReferenceId, TypeId};
-use crate::token::SecondaryAttribute;
+use crate::token::{SecondaryAttribute, TestScope};
 use crate::usage_tracker::{UnusedItem, UsageTracker};
 use crate::{Generics, Kind, ResolvedGeneric, Type, TypeVariable};
 use crate::{
@@ -1009,8 +1009,10 @@ pub fn collect_function(
 
     let module_data = &mut def_map[module.local_id];
 
-    let is_test = function.def.attributes.is_test_function();
-    let is_fuzzing_harness = function.def.attributes.is_fuzzing_harness();
+    let test_attribute = function.def.attributes.as_test_function();
+    let is_test = test_attribute.is_some();
+    let fuzz_attribute = function.def.attributes.as_fuzzing_harness();
+    let is_fuzzing_harness = fuzz_attribute.is_some();
     let is_entry_point_function = if module_data.is_contract {
         function.attributes().is_contract_entry_point()
     } else {
@@ -1040,6 +1042,22 @@ pub fn collect_function(
 
     interner.set_doc_comments(ReferenceId::Function(func_id), doc_comments);
 
+    if let Some((test_scope, location)) = test_attribute {
+        if function.def.parameters.is_empty()
+            && matches!(test_scope, TestScope::OnlyFailWith { .. })
+        {
+            let error = DefCollectorErrorKind::TestOnlyFailWithWithoutParameters { location };
+            errors.push(error.into());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Some((_, location)) = fuzz_attribute {
+        if function.def.parameters.is_empty() {
+            let error = DefCollectorErrorKind::FuzzingHarnessWithoutParameters { location };
+            errors.push(error.into());
+        }
+    }
+
     // Add function to scope/ns of the module
     let result = module_data.declare_function(name, visibility, func_id);
     if let Err((first_def, second_def)) = result {
diff --git a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_collector/errors.rs b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_collector/errors.rs
index 9679c37fa05..216a323572f 100644
--- a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_collector/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_collector/errors.rs
@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@ pub enum DefCollectorErrorKind {
     TestOnAssociatedFunction { location: Location },
     #[error("The `#[export]` attribute may only be used on a non-associated function")]
     ExportOnAssociatedFunction { location: Location },
+    #[error(
+        "The `#[test(only_fail_with = \"..\")]` attribute may only be used on functions with parameters"
+    )]
+    TestOnlyFailWithWithoutParameters { location: Location },
+    #[error("The `#[fuzz]` attribute may only be used on functions with parameters")]
+    FuzzingHarnessWithoutParameters { location: Location },
 }
 
 impl DefCollectorErrorKind {
@@ -104,7 +110,9 @@ impl DefCollectorErrorKind {
             | DefCollectorErrorKind::ModuleOriginallyDefined { location, .. }
             | DefCollectorErrorKind::TraitImplOrphaned { location }
             | DefCollectorErrorKind::TraitMissingMethod { trait_impl_location: location, .. }
-            | DefCollectorErrorKind::ForeignImpl { location, .. } => *location,
+            | DefCollectorErrorKind::ForeignImpl { location, .. }
+            | DefCollectorErrorKind::TestOnlyFailWithWithoutParameters { location }
+            | DefCollectorErrorKind::FuzzingHarnessWithoutParameters { location } => *location,
             DefCollectorErrorKind::NotATrait { not_a_trait_name: path }
             | DefCollectorErrorKind::TraitNotFound { trait_path: path } => path.location,
             DefCollectorErrorKind::UnsupportedNumericGenericType(
@@ -279,6 +287,16 @@ impl<'a> From<&'a DefCollectorErrorKind> for Diagnostic {
                 String::new(),
                 *location,
             ),
+            DefCollectorErrorKind::TestOnlyFailWithWithoutParameters { location } => Diagnostic::simple_error(
+                "The `#[test(only_fail_with = \"..\")]` attribute may only be used on functions with parameters".into(),
+                String::new(),
+                *location,
+            ),
+            DefCollectorErrorKind::FuzzingHarnessWithoutParameters { location } => Diagnostic::simple_error(
+                "The `#[fuzz]` attribute may only be used on functions with parameters".into(),
+                String::new(),
+                *location,
+            ),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_map/mod.rs b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_map/mod.rs
index 6a869d47e67..bf50c5688c0 100644
--- a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_map/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/hir/def_map/mod.rs
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ impl TestFunction {
     pub fn should_fail(&self) -> bool {
         match self.scope {
             TestScope::ShouldFailWith { .. } => true,
-            TestScope::None => false,
+            TestScope::OnlyFailWith { .. } | TestScope::None => false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ impl TestFunction {
         match &self.scope {
             TestScope::None => None,
             TestScope::ShouldFailWith { reason } => reason.as_deref(),
+            TestScope::OnlyFailWith { reason } => Some(reason.as_str()),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/lexer/token.rs b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/lexer/token.rs
index b9886e8638f..2644b5903d5 100644
--- a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/lexer/token.rs
+++ b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/lexer/token.rs
@@ -732,6 +732,9 @@ pub enum TestScope {
     /// if it fails with the specified reason. If the reason is None, then
     /// the test must unconditionally fail
     ShouldFailWith { reason: Option<String> },
+    /// If a test has a scope of OnlyFailWith, then it can only fail
+    /// if it fails with the specified reason.
+    OnlyFailWith { reason: String },
     /// No scope is applied and so the test must pass
     None,
 }
@@ -744,6 +747,9 @@ impl fmt::Display for TestScope {
                 Some(failure_reason) => write!(f, "(should_fail_with = {failure_reason:?})"),
                 None => write!(f, "(should_fail)"),
             },
+            TestScope::OnlyFailWith { reason } => {
+                write!(f, "(only_fail_with = {reason:?})")
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -812,14 +818,31 @@ impl Attributes {
     }
 
     pub fn is_test_function(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self.function().map(|attr| &attr.kind), Some(FunctionAttributeKind::Test(_)))
+        self.as_test_function().is_some()
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_test_function(&self) -> Option<(&TestScope, Location)> {
+        self.function().and_then(|attr| {
+            if let FunctionAttributeKind::Test(scope) = &attr.kind {
+                Some((scope, attr.location))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn is_fuzzing_harness(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self.function().map(|attr| &attr.kind),
-            Some(FunctionAttributeKind::FuzzingHarness(_))
-        )
+        self.as_fuzzing_harness().is_some()
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_fuzzing_harness(&self) -> Option<(&FuzzingScope, Location)> {
+        self.function().and_then(|attr| {
+            if let FunctionAttributeKind::FuzzingHarness(scope) = &attr.kind {
+                Some((scope, attr.location))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
     }
 
     /// True if these attributes mean the given function is an entry point function if it was
diff --git a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/labels.rs b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/labels.rs
index 604c87801f8..2f56bc65448 100644
--- a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/labels.rs
+++ b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/labels.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ pub enum ParsingRuleLabel {
     Path,
     Pattern,
     Statement,
+    String,
     Term,
     TraitBound,
     TraitImplItem,
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for ParsingRuleLabel {
             ParsingRuleLabel::Path => write!(f, "path"),
             ParsingRuleLabel::Pattern => write!(f, "pattern"),
             ParsingRuleLabel::Statement => write!(f, "statement"),
+            ParsingRuleLabel::String => write!(f, "string"),
             ParsingRuleLabel::Term => write!(f, "term"),
             ParsingRuleLabel::TraitBound => write!(f, "trait bound"),
             ParsingRuleLabel::TraitImplItem => write!(f, "trait impl item"),
diff --git a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/parser.rs b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/parser.rs
index 0862e408ea3..88b1f3c3f7a 100644
--- a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/parser.rs
+++ b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/parser.rs
@@ -544,6 +544,10 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         self.expected_label(ParsingRuleLabel::Identifier);
     }
 
+    fn expected_string(&mut self) {
+        self.expected_label(ParsingRuleLabel::String);
+    }
+
     fn expected_token(&mut self, token: Token) {
         self.errors.push(ParserError::expected_token(
             token,
diff --git a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/parser/attributes.rs b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/parser/attributes.rs
index 1caf9a41a13..068dc486256 100644
--- a/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/parser/attributes.rs
+++ b/compiler/noirc_frontend/src/parser/parser/attributes.rs
@@ -333,6 +333,15 @@ impl Parser<'_> {
                             Some(TestScope::ShouldFailWith { reason: None })
                         }
                     }
+                    "only_fail_with" => {
+                        self.eat_or_error(Token::Assign);
+                        if let Some(reason) = self.eat_str() {
+                            Some(TestScope::OnlyFailWith { reason })
+                        } else {
+                            self.expected_string();
+                            None
+                        }
+                    }
                     _ => None,
                 }
             } else {
@@ -687,6 +696,14 @@ mod tests {
         parse_function_attribute_no_errors(src, expected);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_attribute_test_only_fail_with() {
+        let src = "#[test(only_fail_with = \"reason\")]";
+        let reason = "reason".to_string();
+        let expected = FunctionAttributeKind::Test(TestScope::OnlyFailWith { reason });
+        parse_function_attribute_no_errors(src, expected);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn parses_meta_attribute_single_identifier_no_arguments() {
         let src = "#[foo]";
diff --git a/docs/docs/tooling/testing.md b/docs/docs/tooling/testing.md
index a87903543bc..3518bf05cf4 100644
--- a/docs/docs/tooling/testing.md
+++ b/docs/docs/tooling/testing.md
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ fn test_basic(a: Field, b: Field) {
 }
 ```
 The test above is not expected to fail. By default, the fuzzer will run for 1 second and use 100000 executions (whichever comes first). All available threads will be used for each fuzz test.
-The fuzz tests also work with `#[test(should_fail)]` and `#[test(should_fail_with = "<the reason for failure>")]`. For example:
+The fuzz tests also work with `#[test(should_fail)]`, `#[test(should_fail_with = "<the reason for failure>")]` and `#[test(only_fail_with = "<the reason for failure>")]`. For example:
 
 ```rust
 #[test(should_fail)]
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ or
 
 ```rust
 #[test(should_fail_with = "This is the message that will be checked for")]
-fn fuzz_should_fail_with(a: [bool; 32]) {
+fn test_should_fail_with(a: [bool; 32]) {
     let mut or_sum= false;
     for i in 0..32 {
         or_sum=or_sum|(a[i]==((i&1)as bool));
@@ -115,6 +115,13 @@ fn fuzz_should_fail_with(a: [bool; 32]) {
 }
 ```
 
+```rust
+#[test(only_fail_with = "This is the message that will be checked for")]
+fn test_add(a: u64, b: u64) {
+    assert((a+b-15)!=(a-b+30), "This is the message that will be checked for");
+}
+```
+
 The underlying fuzzing mechanism is described in the [Fuzzing](../tooling/fuzzing) documentation.
 
 There are some fuzzing-specific options that can be used with `nargo test`:
diff --git a/test_programs/compile_failure/test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors/Nargo.toml b/test_programs/compile_failure/test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors/Nargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..142c31bd3cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test_programs/compile_failure/test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors/Nargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors"
+type = "bin"
+authors = [""]
+compiler_version = ">=0.26.0"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/test_programs/compile_failure/test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors/src/main.nr b/test_programs/compile_failure/test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors/src/main.nr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..475a1240449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test_programs/compile_failure/test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors/src/main.nr
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// This is an error as we can't fuzz if there are no arguments
+#[fuzz]
+fn fuzz_no_arguments() {}
+
+// This is an error as `only_fail_with` implies fuzzing, but there are no arguments
+#[test(only_fail_with = "error")]
+fn test() {}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/test_programs/compile_failure/test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors/stderr.txt b/test_programs/compile_failure/test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors/stderr.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..793a2789019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test_programs/compile_failure/test_and_fuzz_attribute_errors/stderr.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+error: The `#[fuzz]` attribute may only be used on functions with parameters
+  ┌─ src/main.nr:2:1
+  │
+2 │ #[fuzz]
+  │ -------
+  │
+
+error: The `#[test(only_fail_with = "..")]` attribute may only be used on functions with parameters
+  ┌─ src/main.nr:6:1
+  │
+6 │ #[test(only_fail_with = "error")]
+  │ ---------------------------------
+  │
+
+Aborting due to 2 previous errors
diff --git a/tooling/nargo/src/ops/test.rs b/tooling/nargo/src/ops/test.rs
index 31597d29d5f..548bb8bbced 100644
--- a/tooling/nargo/src/ops/test.rs
+++ b/tooling/nargo/src/ops/test.rs
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ where
         TestScope::ShouldFailWith { reason } => {
             FuzzingScope::ShouldFailWith { reason: reason.clone() }
         }
+        TestScope::OnlyFailWith { reason } => FuzzingScope::OnlyFailWith { reason: reason.clone() },
         TestScope::None => FuzzingScope::None,
     };
     let location = test_function.location;
diff --git a/tooling/nargo_fmt/src/formatter/attribute.rs b/tooling/nargo_fmt/src/formatter/attribute.rs
index 02c29211de9..9ac178566e9 100644
--- a/tooling/nargo_fmt/src/formatter/attribute.rs
+++ b/tooling/nargo_fmt/src/formatter/attribute.rs
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ impl Formatter<'_> {
                 self.write_current_token_and_bump(); // should_fail
                 self.write_right_paren(); // )
             }
-            TestScope::ShouldFailWith { reason: Some(..) } => {
+            TestScope::ShouldFailWith { reason: Some(..) } | TestScope::OnlyFailWith { .. } => {
                 self.write_left_paren(); // (
                 self.skip_comments_and_whitespace();
-                self.write_current_token_and_bump(); // should_fail_with
+                self.write_current_token_and_bump(); // should_fail_with | only_fail_with
                 self.write_space();
                 self.write_token(Token::Assign);
                 self.write_space();
@@ -389,6 +389,13 @@ mod tests {
         assert_format_attribute(src, expected);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn format_test_only_fail_with_reason_attribute() {
+        let src = "  #[ test ( only_fail_with=\"reason\" )] ";
+        let expected = "#[test(only_fail_with = \"reason\")]";
+        assert_format_attribute(src, expected);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn format_fuzz_attribute() {
         let src = "  #[ fuzz ] ";
@@ -397,7 +404,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn format_test_only_fail_with_reason_attribute() {
+    fn format_fuzz_only_fail_with_reason_attribute() {
         let src = "  #[ fuzz ( only_fail_with=\"reason\" )] ";
         let expected = "#[fuzz(only_fail_with = \"reason\")]";
         assert_format_attribute(src, expected);