test: remove test-debug-args

It it's not testing anything useful anymore.

Backport-PR-URL: #39470
PR-URL: #38990
Reviewed-By: Jiawen Geng <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Robert Nagy <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <[email protected]>

Author: targos