diff --git a/marimo/_ast/cell.py b/marimo/_ast/cell.py
index c7c3cdd24c0..0ba2fb5f153 100644
--- a/marimo/_ast/cell.py
+++ b/marimo/_ast/cell.py
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ class RuntimeState:
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class RunResultStatus:
     state: Optional[RunResultStatusType] = None
+    exception: Optional[Exception] = None
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -354,9 +355,12 @@ def set_runtime_state(
         )
 
     def set_run_result_status(
-        self, run_result_status: RunResultStatusType
+        self,
+        run_result_status: RunResultStatusType,
+        exception: Exception | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self._run_result_status.state = run_result_status
+        self._run_result_status.exception = exception
 
     def set_stale(
         self, stale: bool, stream: Stream | None = None, broadcast: bool = True
@@ -376,6 +380,10 @@ def set_output(self, output: Any) -> None:
     def output(self) -> Any:
         return self._output.output
 
+    @property
+    def exception(self) -> Exception | None:
+        return self._run_result_status.exception
+
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class Cell:
diff --git a/marimo/_runtime/runner/cell_runner.py b/marimo/_runtime/runner/cell_runner.py
index 34eff08b7d4..341a00175e8 100644
--- a/marimo/_runtime/runner/cell_runner.py
+++ b/marimo/_runtime/runner/cell_runner.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def cell_filename(cell_id: CellId_t) -> str:
     return f"<cell-{cell_id}>"
 
 
-ErrorObjects = Union[BaseException, Error]
+ExceptionOrError = Union[BaseException, Error]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -73,7 +73,11 @@ class RunResult:
     # Raw output of cell: last expression
     output: Any
     # Exception raised by cell, if any
-    exception: Optional[ErrorObjects]
+    #
+    # TODO(akshayka): Exceptions and "Errors" (most of which are at parse time
+    # and can't be encountered by the runner) shouldn't be packed into a single
+    # field.
+    exception: Optional[ExceptionOrError]
     # Accumulated output: via imperative mo.output.append()
     accumulated_output: Any = None
 
@@ -82,6 +86,26 @@ def success(self) -> bool:
         return self.exception is None
 
 
+def should_show_traceback(
+    exception: Optional[ExceptionOrError],
+) -> bool:
+    if exception is None:
+        return True
+
+    # Stop "errors" aren't actually errors but rather a control
+    # flow mechanism used by mo.stop() to stop execution; as such
+    # a traceback should not be shown for them.
+    if isinstance(exception, MarimoStopError):
+        return False
+
+    # SQL parsing errors happen in SQL cells so showing a
+    # python traceback is not useful.
+    if isinstance(exception, MarimoSQLError):
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+
 class Runner:
     """Runner for a collection of cells."""
 
@@ -147,7 +171,7 @@ def __init__(
         # whether the runner has been interrupted
         self.interrupted = False
         # mapping from cell_id to exception it raised
-        self.exceptions: dict[CellId_t, ErrorObjects] = {}
+        self.exceptions: dict[CellId_t, ExceptionOrError] = {}
 
         # each cell's position in the run queue
         self._run_position = {
@@ -334,7 +358,7 @@ def _run_result_from_exception(
         unwrapped_exception: Optional[BaseException],
         cell_id: CellId_t,
     ) -> tuple[RunResult, Optional[BaseException]]:
-        exception: Optional[ErrorObjects] = unwrapped_exception
+        exception: Optional[ExceptionOrError] = unwrapped_exception
         if isinstance(exception, MarimoMissingRefError):
             ref, blamed_cell = self._get_blamed_cell(exception)
             # All MarimoMissingRefErrors should be caused caused by
@@ -514,25 +538,6 @@ async def run(self, cell_id: CellId_t) -> RunResult:
             # this call as well, so this should be lifted out of `run`.
             self.cancel(cell_id)
 
-            def should_show_traceback(
-                exception: Optional[ErrorObjects],
-            ) -> bool:
-                if exception is None:
-                    return True
-
-                # Stop "errors" aren't actually errors but rather a control
-                # flow mechanism used by mo.stop() to stop execution; as such
-                # a traceback should not be shown for them.
-                if isinstance(exception, MarimoStopError):
-                    return False
-
-                # SQL parsing errors happen in SQL cells so showing a
-                # python traceback is not useful.
-                if isinstance(exception, MarimoSQLError):
-                    return False
-
-                return True
-
             if should_show_traceback(run_result.exception):
                 tmpio = io.StringIO()
                 # The executors explicitly raise cell exceptions from base
diff --git a/marimo/_runtime/runner/hooks_post_execution.py b/marimo/_runtime/runner/hooks_post_execution.py
index 9c31c0f0805..24c52139bbc 100644
--- a/marimo/_runtime/runner/hooks_post_execution.py
+++ b/marimo/_runtime/runner/hooks_post_execution.py
@@ -93,7 +93,17 @@ def _set_run_result_status(
     elif runner.cancelled(cell.cell_id):
         cell.set_run_result_status("cancelled")
     elif run_result.exception is not None:
-        cell.set_run_result_status("exception")
+        cell.set_run_result_status(
+            "exception",
+            (
+                # TODO(akshayka): "run_result.exception" can unfortunately
+                # hold things that are not exceptions; remove this check
+                # if/when that is ever cleaned up.
+                run_result.exception
+                if isinstance(run_result.exception, Exception)
+                else None
+            ),
+        )
     else:
         cell.set_run_result_status("success")
 
diff --git a/marimo/_runtime/runtime.py b/marimo/_runtime/runtime.py
index 5e47a180df3..96c75c2b46a 100644
--- a/marimo/_runtime/runtime.py
+++ b/marimo/_runtime/runtime.py
@@ -2880,12 +2880,25 @@ def log_callback(log_line: str) -> None:
         if self.should_update_script_metadata():
             self.update_script_metadata(installed_modules)
 
+        # All cells that depend on successfully installed modules are re-run.
+        #
+        # This consists of cells that either statically reference the installed
+        # module, or that previously failed with a ModuleNotFoundError matching
+        # an installed module.
         cells_to_run = set(
             cid
             for module in installed_modules
             if (cid := self._kernel.module_registry.defining_cell(module))
             is not None
         )
+
+        for cid, cell in self._kernel.graph.cells.items():
+            if (
+                isinstance(cell.exception, ModuleNotFoundError)
+                and cell.exception.name in installed_modules
+            ):
+                cells_to_run.add(cid)
+
         if cells_to_run:
             await self._kernel._if_autorun_then_run_cells(cells_to_run)
 
diff --git a/tests/_runtime/test_runtime.py b/tests/_runtime/test_runtime.py
index 96d18cfba50..f69d004144f 100644
--- a/tests/_runtime/test_runtime.py
+++ b/tests/_runtime/test_runtime.py
@@ -1879,6 +1879,22 @@ async def test_sync_graph_empty_sync(self, any_kernel: Kernel) -> None:
         assert k.globals["y"] == 2
         assert not k.errors
 
+    async def test_missing_module_detected(self, any_kernel: Kernel) -> None:
+        k = any_kernel
+        await k.run(
+            [er := ExecutionRequest(cell_id="0", code="import foobar")]
+        )
+        cell = k.graph.cells[er.cell_id]
+        assert cell.exception is not None
+        assert isinstance(cell.exception, ModuleNotFoundError)
+        assert cell.exception.name == "foobar"
+
+        await k.run(
+            [er := ExecutionRequest(cell_id="0", code="import marimo")]
+        )
+        cell = k.graph.cells[er.cell_id]
+        assert cell.exception is None
+
 
 class TestStrictExecution:
     @staticmethod