diff --git a/docs/source/package_reference/main_classes.rst b/docs/source/package_reference/main_classes.rst
index 458aa2cc857..12df09c08bb 100644
--- a/docs/source/package_reference/main_classes.rst
+++ b/docs/source/package_reference/main_classes.rst
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ The base class :class:`datasets.Dataset` implements a Dataset backed by an Apach
         from_csv, from_json, from_text,
         prepare_for_task,
         to_json,
+        align_labels_with_mapping
 
 .. autofunction:: datasets.concatenate_datasets
 
diff --git a/src/datasets/arrow_dataset.py b/src/datasets/arrow_dataset.py
index dfad4b883bc..060baf0447c 100644
--- a/src/datasets/arrow_dataset.py
+++ b/src/datasets/arrow_dataset.py
@@ -3097,6 +3097,42 @@ def add_item(self, item: dict, new_fingerprint: str):
             fingerprint=new_fingerprint,
         )
 
+    def align_labels_with_mapping(self, label2id: Dict, label_column: str) -> "Dataset":
+        """Align the dataset's label ID and label name mapping to match an input :obj:`label2id` mapping.
+        This is useful when you want to ensure that a model's predicted labels are aligned with the dataset.
+        The alignment in done using the lowercase label names.
+
+        Args:
+            label2id (:obj:`dict`):
+                The label name to ID mapping to align the dataset with.
+            label_column (:obj:`str`):
+                The column name of labels to align on.
+
+        Example:
+            .. code-block:: python
+
+                # dataset with mapping {'entailment': 0, 'neutral': 1, 'contradiction': 2}
+                ds = load_dataset("glue", "mnli", split="train")
+                # mapping to align with
+                label2id = {'CONTRADICTION': 0, 'NEUTRAL': 1, 'ENTAILMENT': 2}
+                ds_aligned = ds.align_labels_with_mapping(label2id, "label")
+        """
+        features = self.features.copy()
+        int2str_function = features[label_column].int2str
+        # Sort input mapping by ID value to ensure the label names are aligned
+        label2id = dict(sorted(label2id.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]))
+        label_names = list(label2id.keys())
+        features[label_column] = ClassLabel(num_classes=len(label_names), names=label_names)
+        # Some label mappings use uppercase label names so we lowercase them during alignment
+        label2id = {k.lower(): v for k, v in label2id.items()}
+
+        def process_label_ids(batch):
+            dset_label_names = [int2str_function(label_id).lower() for label_id in batch[label_column]]
+            batch[label_column] = [label2id[label_name] for label_name in dset_label_names]
+            return batch
+
+        return self.map(process_label_ids, features=features, batched=True)
+
 
 def concatenate_datasets(
     dsets: List[Dataset],
diff --git a/tests/test_arrow_dataset.py b/tests/test_arrow_dataset.py
index 9b36a5c2da2..78ad8681a7f 100644
--- a/tests/test_arrow_dataset.py
+++ b/tests/test_arrow_dataset.py
@@ -2202,6 +2202,25 @@ def test_task_templates_empty_after_preparation(self, in_memory):
                 with dset.prepare_for_task(task="text-classification") as dset:
                     self.assertIsNone(dset.info.task_templates)
 
+    def test_align_labels_with_mapping(self, in_memory):
+        features = Features(
+            {
+                "input_text": Value("string"),
+                "input_labels": ClassLabel(num_classes=3, names=["entailment", "neutral", "contradiction"]),
+            }
+        )
+        data = {"input_text": ["a", "a", "b", "b", "c", "c"], "input_labels": [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]}
+        label2id = {"CONTRADICTION": 0, "ENTAILMENT": 2, "NEUTRAL": 1}
+        id2label = {v: k for k, v in label2id.items()}
+        expected_labels = [2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0]
+        expected_label_names = [id2label[idx] for idx in expected_labels]
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir, Dataset.from_dict(data, features=features) as dset:
+            with self._to(in_memory, tmp_dir, dset) as dset:
+                with dset.align_labels_with_mapping(label2id, "input_labels") as dset:
+                    self.assertListEqual(expected_labels, dset["input_labels"])
+                    aligned_label_names = [dset.features["input_labels"].int2str(idx) for idx in dset["input_labels"]]
+                    self.assertListEqual(expected_label_names, aligned_label_names)
+
 
 class MiscellaneousDatasetTest(TestCase):
     def test_from_pandas(self):