diff --git a/executor.go b/executor.go
index f3623ec..7c7537c 100644
--- a/executor.go
+++ b/executor.go
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+
 	"github.com/eatmoreapple/juice/cache"
 	"github.com/eatmoreapple/juice/driver"
 	"github.com/eatmoreapple/juice/internal/reflectlite"
@@ -94,22 +95,21 @@ var _ SQLRowsExecutor = (*invalidExecutor)(nil)
 
 // sqlRowsExecutor implements the SQLRowsExecutor interface.
 type sqlRowsExecutor struct {
-	session     Session
-	statement   Statement
-	driver      driver.Driver
-	middlewares MiddlewareGroup
+	session          Session
+	statement        Statement
+	statementHandler StatementHandler
+	driver           driver.Driver
+	middlewares      MiddlewareGroup
 }
 
 // QueryContext executes the query and returns the result.
 func (e *sqlRowsExecutor) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, param Param) (*sql.Rows, error) {
-	handler := NewSQLRowsStatementHandler(e.driver, e.session, e.middlewares...)
-	return handler.QueryContext(ctx, e.Statement(), param)
+	return e.statementHandler.QueryContext(ctx, e.Statement(), param)
 }
 
 // ExecContext executes the query and returns the result.
 func (e *sqlRowsExecutor) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, param Param) (sql.Result, error) {
-	handler := NewSQLRowsStatementHandler(e.driver, e.session, e.middlewares...)
-	return handler.ExecContext(ctx, e.Statement(), param)
+	return e.statementHandler.ExecContext(ctx, e.Statement(), param)
 }
 
 // Statement returns the xmlSQLStatement.
diff --git a/juice.go b/juice.go
index 1e90166..0ef65b9 100644
--- a/juice.go
+++ b/juice.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package juice
 import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
+
 	"github.com/eatmoreapple/juice/cache"
 	"github.com/eatmoreapple/juice/driver"
 )
@@ -55,11 +56,13 @@ func (e *Engine) executor(v any) (*sqlRowsExecutor, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	handler := NewSQLRowsStatementHandler(e.driver, e.DB(), e.middlewares...)
 	return &sqlRowsExecutor{
-		statement:   stat,
-		session:     e.DB(),
-		driver:      e.driver,
-		middlewares: e.middlewares,
+		statement:        stat,
+		statementHandler: handler,
+		session:          e.DB(),
+		driver:           e.driver,
+		middlewares:      e.middlewares,
 	}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/statement.go b/statement.go
index d185ceb..5c86021 100644
--- a/statement.go
+++ b/statement.go
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ package juice
 import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
-	"github.com/eatmoreapple/juice/driver"
 	"regexp"
+
+	"github.com/eatmoreapple/juice/driver"
 )
 
 type Statement interface {
@@ -33,6 +34,11 @@ type Statement interface {
 	Build(translator driver.Translator, param Param) (query string, args []any, err error)
 }
 
+type StatementHandler interface {
+	ExecContext(ctx context.Context, statement Statement, param Param) (sql.Result, error)
+	QueryContext(ctx context.Context, statement Statement, param Param) (*sql.Rows, error)
+}
+
 var formatRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`\$\{ *?([a-zA-Z0-9_\.]+) *?\}`)
 
 // xmlSQLStatement defines a sql xmlSQLStatement.
@@ -164,10 +170,12 @@ func (s *SQLRowsStatementHandler) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, statement Sta
 	return execHandler(ctx, query, args...)
 }
 
+var _ StatementHandler = (*SQLRowsStatementHandler)(nil)
+
 // NewSQLRowsStatementHandler creates a new instance of SQLRowsStatementHandler
 // with the provided driver, session, and an optional list of middlewares. This
 // function is typically used to initialize the handler before executing SQL statements.
-func NewSQLRowsStatementHandler(driver driver.Driver, session Session, middlewares ...Middleware) *SQLRowsStatementHandler {
+func NewSQLRowsStatementHandler(driver driver.Driver, session Session, middlewares ...Middleware) StatementHandler {
 	return &SQLRowsStatementHandler{
 		driver:      driver,
 		middlewares: middlewares,