diff --git a/crates/pyrefly_config/src/error_kind.rs b/crates/pyrefly_config/src/error_kind.rs
index 09b631896d..1df6cdb96f 100644
--- a/crates/pyrefly_config/src/error_kind.rs
+++ b/crates/pyrefly_config/src/error_kind.rs
@@ -174,6 +174,8 @@ pub enum ErrorKind {
     InvalidOverload,
     /// An error related to ParamSpec definition or usage.
     InvalidParamSpec,
+    /// An error caused by an invalid match pattern.
+    InvalidPattern,
     /// A use of `typing.Self` in a context where Pyrefly does not recognize it as
     /// mapping to a valid class type.
     InvalidSelfType,
diff --git a/pyrefly/lib/alt/narrow.rs b/pyrefly/lib/alt/narrow.rs
index 8ae5d86a48..f5a8eed483 100644
--- a/pyrefly/lib/alt/narrow.rs
+++ b/pyrefly/lib/alt/narrow.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use pyrefly_types::facet::UnresolvedFacetKind;
 use pyrefly_types::simplify::intersect;
 use pyrefly_types::type_info::JoinStyle;
 use pyrefly_util::prelude::SliceExt;
+use pyrefly_util::visit::Visit;
 use ruff_python_ast::Arguments;
 use ruff_python_ast::AtomicNodeIndex;
 use ruff_python_ast::Expr;
@@ -752,6 +753,25 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
                 let right = self.expr_infer(v, errors);
                 self.narrow_isinstance(ty, &right)
             }
+            AtomicNarrowOp::IsInstancePattern(v) => {
+                let right = self.expr_infer(v, errors);
+                let mut contains_subscript = false;
+                v.visit(&mut |e| {
+                    if matches!(e, Expr::Subscript(_)) {
+                        contains_subscript = true;
+                    }
+                });
+                self.check_type_is_class_object(
+                    right.clone(),
+                    Some(ty.clone()),
+                    contains_subscript,
+                    v.range(),
+                    &FunctionKind::IsInstance,
+                    errors,
+                    ErrorKind::InvalidPattern,
+                );
+                self.narrow_isinstance(ty, &right)
+            }
             AtomicNarrowOp::IsNotInstance(v) => {
                 let right = self.expr_infer(v, errors);
                 self.narrow_is_not_instance(ty, &right)
diff --git a/pyrefly/lib/alt/special_calls.rs b/pyrefly/lib/alt/special_calls.rs
index 68f21368a4..8cb5b76bc0 100644
--- a/pyrefly/lib/alt/special_calls.rs
+++ b/pyrefly/lib/alt/special_calls.rs
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
         self.stdlib.bool().clone().to_type()
     }
 
-    fn check_type_is_class_object(
+    pub(crate) fn check_type_is_class_object(
         &self,
         ty: Type,
         object_type: Option<Type>,
@@ -306,6 +306,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
         range: TextRange,
         func_kind: &FunctionKind,
         errors: &ErrorCollector,
+        error_kind: ErrorKind,
     ) {
         for ty in self.as_class_info(ty) {
             if let Type::ClassDef(cls) = &ty {
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
                     self.error(
                         errors,
                         range,
-                        ErrorInfo::Kind(ErrorKind::InvalidArgument),
+                        ErrorInfo::Kind(error_kind),
                         "Expected class object, got `Any`".to_owned(),
                     );
                 }
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
                     self.error(
                         errors,
                         range,
-                        ErrorInfo::Kind(ErrorKind::InvalidArgument),
+                        ErrorInfo::Kind(error_kind),
                         format!("NewType `{}` not allowed in {}", cls.name(), func_display(),),
                     );
                 }
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
                     self.error(
                         errors,
                         range,
-                        ErrorInfo::Kind(ErrorKind::InvalidArgument),
+                        ErrorInfo::Kind(error_kind),
                         format!(
                             "TypedDict `{}` not allowed as second argument to {}",
                             cls.name(),
@@ -346,7 +347,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
                         self.error(
                             errors,
                             range,
-                            ErrorInfo::Kind(ErrorKind::InvalidArgument),
+                            ErrorInfo::Kind(error_kind),
                             format!("Protocol `{}` is not decorated with @runtime_checkable and cannot be used with {}", cls.name(), func_display()),
                         );
                     } else {
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
                             self.error(
                                 errors,
                                 range,
-                                ErrorInfo::Kind(ErrorKind::InvalidArgument),
+                                ErrorInfo::Kind(error_kind),
                                 format!("Protocol `{}` has non-method members and cannot be used with issubclass()", cls.name()),
                             );
                         }
@@ -422,7 +423,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
                 self.error(
                     errors,
                     range,
-                    ErrorInfo::Kind(ErrorKind::InvalidArgument),
+                    ErrorInfo::Kind(error_kind),
                     format!(
                         "Expected class object, got parameterized generic type: `{}`",
                         self.for_display(ty)
@@ -433,7 +434,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
                     self.error(
                         errors,
                         range,
-                        ErrorInfo::Kind(ErrorKind::InvalidArgument),
+                        ErrorInfo::Kind(error_kind),
                         format!("Expected class object, got special form `{}`", special_form),
                     );
                 }
@@ -441,7 +442,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
                 self.error(
                     errors,
                     range,
-                    ErrorInfo::Kind(ErrorKind::InvalidArgument),
+                    ErrorInfo::Kind(error_kind),
                     format!("Expected class object, got `{}`", self.for_display(ty)),
                 );
             } else {
@@ -534,6 +535,7 @@ impl<'a, Ans: LookupAnswer> AnswersSolver<'a, Ans> {
             classinfo_expr.range(),
             func_kind,
             errors,
+            ErrorKind::InvalidArgument,
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/pyrefly/lib/binding/narrow.rs b/pyrefly/lib/binding/narrow.rs
index 663ad33605..05f2d30ebe 100644
--- a/pyrefly/lib/binding/narrow.rs
+++ b/pyrefly/lib/binding/narrow.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ pub enum AtomicNarrowOp {
     Eq(Expr),
     NotEq(Expr),
     IsInstance(Expr),
+    IsInstancePattern(Expr),
     IsNotInstance(Expr),
     IsSubclass(Expr),
     IsNotSubclass(Expr),
@@ -119,6 +120,9 @@ impl DisplayWith<ModuleInfo> for AtomicNarrowOp {
             AtomicNarrowOp::Eq(expr) => write!(f, "Eq({})", expr.display_with(ctx)),
             AtomicNarrowOp::NotEq(expr) => write!(f, "NotEq({})", expr.display_with(ctx)),
             AtomicNarrowOp::IsInstance(expr) => write!(f, "IsInstance({})", expr.display_with(ctx)),
+            AtomicNarrowOp::IsInstancePattern(expr) => {
+                write!(f, "IsInstancePattern({})", expr.display_with(ctx))
+            }
             AtomicNarrowOp::IsNotInstance(expr) => {
                 write!(f, "IsNotInstance({})", expr.display_with(ctx))
             }
@@ -220,6 +224,7 @@ impl AtomicNarrowOp {
             Self::Is(v) => Self::IsNot(v.clone()),
             Self::IsNot(v) => Self::Is(v.clone()),
             Self::IsInstance(v) => Self::IsNotInstance(v.clone()),
+            Self::IsInstancePattern(v) => Self::IsNotInstance(v.clone()),
             Self::IsNotInstance(v) => Self::IsInstance(v.clone()),
             Self::IsSubclass(v) => Self::IsNotSubclass(v.clone()),
             Self::IsNotSubclass(v) => Self::IsSubclass(v.clone()),
@@ -875,6 +880,7 @@ impl NarrowOps {
                 // Technically the `__class__` attribute can be mutated, but code that does that
                 // probably isn't statically analyzable anyway.
                 | AtomicNarrowOp::IsInstance(..)
+                | AtomicNarrowOp::IsInstancePattern(..)
                 | AtomicNarrowOp::IsNotInstance(..)
                 | AtomicNarrowOp::IsSubclass(..)
                 | AtomicNarrowOp::IsNotSubclass(..)
diff --git a/pyrefly/lib/binding/pattern.rs b/pyrefly/lib/binding/pattern.rs
index d029548397..476911b10d 100644
--- a/pyrefly/lib/binding/pattern.rs
+++ b/pyrefly/lib/binding/pattern.rs
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ impl<'a> BindingsBuilder<'a> {
             }
             Pattern::MatchClass(mut x) => {
                 self.ensure_expr(&mut x.cls, narrowing_usage);
-                let narrow_op = AtomicNarrowOp::IsInstance((*x.cls).clone());
+                let narrow_op = AtomicNarrowOp::IsInstancePattern((*x.cls).clone());
                 // Redefining subject_idx to apply the class level narrowing,
                 // which is used for additional narrowing for attributes below.
                 let subject_idx = self.insert_binding(
diff --git a/pyrefly/lib/test/pattern_match.rs b/pyrefly/lib/test/pattern_match.rs
index 6470d941cd..70a1aff6eb 100644
--- a/pyrefly/lib/test/pattern_match.rs
+++ b/pyrefly/lib/test/pattern_match.rs
@@ -212,6 +212,21 @@ def describe_ok(color: Literal["red", "blue"]):
 "#,
 );
 
+testcase!(
+    test_enum_class_pattern_invalid,
+    r#"
+from enum import Enum
+
+class Color(Enum):
+    RED = "red"
+
+def describe(color: Color) -> None:
+    match color:  # E: Match on `Color` is not exhaustive
+        case Color.RED():  # E: Expected class object, got `Literal[Color.RED]`
+            pass
+"#,
+);
+
 testcase!(
     test_non_exhaustive_enum_match_facet_subject,
     r#"
diff --git a/website/docs/error-kinds.mdx b/website/docs/error-kinds.mdx
index 0a7925e5c5..88abbc4189 100644
--- a/website/docs/error-kinds.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/error-kinds.mdx
@@ -636,6 +636,23 @@ def f(x, *args: P1.args, **kwargs: P2.kwargs) -> None:
 
 Here, `P1.args` and `P2.kwargs` can't be used together; `*args` and `**kwargs` must come from the same `ParamSpec`.
 
+## invalid-pattern
+
+This error is reported when a pattern is invalid at runtime. For example, enum members are values,
+so they must be matched as value patterns (without `()`), not class patterns:
+
+```python
+from enum import Enum
+
+class Color(Enum):
+  RED = "red"
+
+def describe(color: Color) -> None:
+  match color:
+    case Color.RED():  # Invalid pattern: use `Color.RED` (without parentheses)
+      pass
+```
+
 ## invalid-self-type
 
 This error occurs when `Self` is used in a context Pyrefly does not currently support.