[net11.0] Strip native binaries on iOS/tvOS device builds in Debug

Follow-up to #24678. PR #24678 added the CoreCLR runtime frameworks
and the R2R composite framework to @(_PostProcessingItem) so they
would be stripped, which took effect for Release device builds. In
Debug device builds the strip was bypassed because the Debug-default
in Xamarin.Shared.props set the global $(NoSymbolStrip)=true, which
then propagated onto every _PostProcessingItem with empty
%(NoSymbolStrip) metadata, causing _NativeStripItems to filter all
items out.

Remove the Debug-default rule entirely. iOS/tvOS device builds now
always strip native binaries and a dSYM bundle is generated for
post-mortem symbolication, regardless of Configuration. Simulator
builds remain unstripped so the live debugger keeps symbols on disk.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: kotlarmilos

msbuild/Xamarin.Shared/Xamarin.Shared.props

@@ -140,8 +140,6 @@ Copyright (C) 2020 Microsoft. All rights reserved.
 		<!-- Xamarin.Mac never had an equivalent for MtouchNoSymbolStrip and was never stripped, except when using NativeAOT -> true -->
 		<!-- default to 'false' -->
 		<NoSymbolStrip Condition="'$(NoSymbolStrip)' == '' And '$(_PlatformName)' != 'macOS'">$(MtouchNoSymbolStrip)</NoSymbolStrip>
-		<!-- Disable stripping for Debug builds by default -->
-		<NoSymbolStrip Condition="'$(NoSymbolStrip)' == '' And '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'">true</NoSymbolStrip>
 		<NoSymbolStrip Condition="'$(NoSymbolStrip)' == '' And ('$(_PlatformName)' == 'macOS' Or '$(_PlatformName)' == 'MacCatalyst') And '$(_UseNativeAot)' != 'true'">true</NoSymbolStrip>
 		<!-- Disable stripping for simulator builds by default -->
 		<NoSymbolStrip Condition="'$(NoSymbolStrip)' == '' And ('$(_PlatformName)' == 'iOS' Or '$(_PlatformName)' == 'tvOS' Or '$(_PlatformName)' == 'watchOS') And '$(ComputedPlatform)' != 'iPhone'">true</NoSymbolStrip>