diff --git a/.azure/pipelines/ci-public.yml b/.azure/pipelines/ci-public.yml
index bfc4bb6cfacb..013c5429d5f9 100644
--- a/.azure/pipelines/ci-public.yml
+++ b/.azure/pipelines/ci-public.yml
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ stages:
                 -ci
                 -prepareMachine
                 -nativeToolsOnMachine
+                -CentralizedRestore
                 -arch x64
                 -pack
                 -all
@@ -570,7 +571,7 @@ stages:
         timeoutInMinutes: 240
         steps:
         # Build the shared framework
-        - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
+        - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -CentralizedRestore -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
                   /p:CrossgenOutput=false /p:ASPNETCORE_TEST_LOG_DIR=artifacts/log $(_InternalRuntimeDownloadArgs)
                   /p:VsTestUseMSBuildOutput=false
           displayName: Build shared fx
@@ -599,7 +600,7 @@ stages:
         timeoutInMinutes: 240
         steps:
         # Build the shared framework
-        - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
+        - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -CentralizedRestore -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
                   /p:CrossgenOutput=false /p:ASPNETCORE_TEST_LOG_DIR=artifacts/log $(_InternalRuntimeDownloadArgs)
                   /p:VsTestUseMSBuildOutput=false
           displayName: Build shared fx
diff --git a/.azure/pipelines/ci-unofficial.yml b/.azure/pipelines/ci-unofficial.yml
index eb6e293c07e3..1177befe2d3c 100644
--- a/.azure/pipelines/ci-unofficial.yml
+++ b/.azure/pipelines/ci-unofficial.yml
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ extends:
                     -ci
                     -prepareMachine
                     -nativeToolsOnMachine
+                    -CentralizedRestore
                     -arch x64
                     -pack
                     -all
@@ -608,7 +609,7 @@ extends:
               displayName: Update submodules
             steps:
             # Build the shared framework
-            - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
+            - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -CentralizedRestore -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
                       /p:CrossgenOutput=false /p:ASPNETCORE_TEST_LOG_DIR=artifacts/log $(_InternalRuntimeDownloadArgs)
               env:
                 MSBUILDUSESERVER: "1"
@@ -640,7 +641,7 @@ extends:
               displayName: Update submodules
             steps:
             # Build the shared framework
-            - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
+            - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -CentralizedRestore -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
                       /p:CrossgenOutput=false /p:ASPNETCORE_TEST_LOG_DIR=artifacts/log $(_InternalRuntimeDownloadArgs)
               env:
                 MSBUILDUSESERVER: "1"
diff --git a/.azure/pipelines/ci.yml b/.azure/pipelines/ci.yml
index 8d65fcf1c396..2a23c8a80634 100644
--- a/.azure/pipelines/ci.yml
+++ b/.azure/pipelines/ci.yml
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ extends:
                     -ci
                     -prepareMachine
                     -nativeToolsOnMachine
+                    -CentralizedRestore
                     -arch x64
                     -pack
                     -all
@@ -600,7 +601,7 @@ extends:
             timeoutInMinutes: 240
             steps:
             # Build the shared framework
-            - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
+            - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -CentralizedRestore -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
                       /p:CrossgenOutput=false /p:ASPNETCORE_TEST_LOG_DIR=artifacts/log $(_InternalRuntimeDownloadArgs)
               env:
                 MSBUILDUSESERVER: "1"
@@ -629,7 +630,7 @@ extends:
             timeoutInMinutes: 240
             steps:
             # Build the shared framework
-            - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
+            - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nativeToolsOnMachine -CentralizedRestore -nobl -all -pack -arch x64
                       /p:CrossgenOutput=false /p:ASPNETCORE_TEST_LOG_DIR=artifacts/log $(_InternalRuntimeDownloadArgs)
               env:
                 MSBUILDUSESERVER: "1"
diff --git a/.azure/pipelines/quarantined-pr.yml b/.azure/pipelines/quarantined-pr.yml
index 3ee1c1a7eb6f..9d822255990b 100644
--- a/.azure/pipelines/quarantined-pr.yml
+++ b/.azure/pipelines/quarantined-pr.yml
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
     timeoutInMinutes: 150
     steps:
     # Build the shared framework
-    - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nobl -all -noBuildJava -pack -arch x64
+    - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -CentralizedRestore -nobl -all -noBuildJava -pack -arch x64
               /p:CrossgenOutput=false /p:ASPNETCORE_TEST_LOG_DIR=artifacts/log
       displayName: Build shared fx
     # -noBuildRepoTasks -noBuildNative -noBuild to avoid repeating work done in the previous step.
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
     isAzDOTestingJob: true
     enablePublishTestResults: false
     steps:
-    - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nobl -all -noBuildJava -pack
+    - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -CentralizedRestore -nobl -all -noBuildJava -pack
       displayName: Build
     - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nobl -all -noBuildRepoTasks -noBuildNative -NoBuild -noBuildJava -test
               /p:RunQuarantinedTests=true /p:SkipHelixReadyTests=true
diff --git a/.azure/pipelines/quarantined-tests.yml b/.azure/pipelines/quarantined-tests.yml
index 9bcc91c3c439..435290dd1b8f 100644
--- a/.azure/pipelines/quarantined-tests.yml
+++ b/.azure/pipelines/quarantined-tests.yml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
     timeoutInMinutes: 480
     steps:
     # Build the shared framework
-    - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -nobl -all -noBuildJava -pack -arch x64
+    - script: ./eng/build.cmd -ci -prepareMachine -CentralizedRestore -nobl -all -noBuildJava -pack -arch x64
               /p:CrossgenOutput=false /p:ASPNETCORE_TEST_LOG_DIR=artifacts/log
       displayName: Build shared fx
     # -noBuildRepoTasks -noBuildNative -noBuild to avoid repeating work done in the previous step.
diff --git a/eng/CentralizedRestore.proj b/eng/CentralizedRestore.proj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..43a11265a966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/eng/CentralizedRestore.proj
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<Project>
+  <!--
+    Centralized restore project that restores ALL projects in a single MSBuild invocation.
+    This avoids the NuGet race condition (https://github.com/NuGet/Home/issues/7648) where
+    parallel restore of the same project from multiple callers causes "Cannot create a file
+    when that file already exists" errors.
+
+    Usage in CI:
+      ./eng/build.cmd -ci -CentralizedRestore ...
+
+    Or manually:
+      dotnet restore AspNetCore.slnx
+      dotnet msbuild eng/CentralizedRestore.proj /t:RestoreDelayedOnly /p:Configuration=Release
+      ./eng/build.cmd -ci -NoRestore /p:RestoreForTestAssets=false /p:RestoreForDelayedProjects=false ...
+  -->
+
+  <Import Project="RequiresDelayedBuildProjects.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <RepoRoot Condition="'$(RepoRoot)' == ''">$([MSBuild]::NormalizeDirectory('$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)', '..'))</RepoRoot>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!--
+    Restore only delayed build projects and test assets (projects not in the main solution).
+    Called after `dotnet restore AspNetCore.slnx` to complete the restore.
+  -->
+  <Target Name="RestoreDelayedOnly">
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="======================================" />
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="Restoring delayed build projects and test assets" />
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="======================================" />
+
+    <!-- Filter to only restorable projects (not .proj or .nodeproj) -->
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <_DelayedProjectsToRestore Include="@(RequiresDelayedBuild)"
+          Condition="'%(Extension)' != '.nodeproj' AND '%(Extension)' != '.proj'" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+    <MSBuild Projects="@(_DelayedProjectsToRestore)"
+        Targets="Restore"
+        BuildInParallel="false"
+        Properties="MSBuildRestoreSessionId=$([System.Guid]::NewGuid())" />
+
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="======================================" />
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="Delayed projects restore complete" />
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="======================================" />
+  </Target>
+
+  <!--
+    Full restore of everything - alternative to solution-based restore.
+    Slower but more comprehensive.
+  -->
+  <Target Name="RestoreAll">
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="======================================" />
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="Centralized Restore - Restoring all projects" />
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="======================================" />
+
+    <Exec Command="dotnet restore &quot;$(RepoRoot)AspNetCore.slnx&quot;" />
+
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <_DelayedProjectsToRestore Include="@(RequiresDelayedBuild)"
+          Condition="'%(Extension)' != '.nodeproj' AND '%(Extension)' != '.proj'" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+    <MSBuild Projects="@(_DelayedProjectsToRestore)"
+        Targets="Restore"
+        BuildInParallel="false"
+        Properties="MSBuildRestoreSessionId=$([System.Guid]::NewGuid())" />
+
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="======================================" />
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="Centralized Restore Complete" />
+    <Message Importance="High" Text="======================================" />
+  </Target>
+</Project>
diff --git a/eng/build.ps1 b/eng/build.ps1
index 854fe0679036..625b8550963c 100644
--- a/eng/build.ps1
+++ b/eng/build.ps1
@@ -206,6 +206,10 @@ param(
     [Alias('pb')]
     [switch]$ProductBuild,
 
+    # Use centralized restore to avoid NuGet parallel restore race conditions (NuGet/Home#7648)
+    # When set, performs a single upfront restore then builds without restore
+    [switch]$CentralizedRestore,
+
     # Intentionally lowercase as tools.ps1 depends on it
     [switch]$fromVMR,
 
@@ -271,7 +275,9 @@ $RunBuild = if ($NoBuild) { $false } else { $true }
 
 # Run restore by default unless -NoRestore is set.
 # -NoBuild implies -NoRestore, unless -Restore is explicitly set (as in restore.cmd)
+# -CentralizedRestore performs a single upfront restore then disables per-project restore
 $RunRestore = if ($NoRestore) { $false }
+    elseif ($CentralizedRestore) { $false } # Will do centralized restore separately
     elseif ($Restore) { $true }
     elseif ($NoBuild) { $false }
     else { $true }
@@ -484,6 +490,50 @@ try {
         $global:VerbosePreference = 'Continue'
     }
 
+    # Perform centralized restore if requested - this restores everything upfront in a single
+    # coordinated operation to avoid NuGet race conditions (https://github.com/NuGet/Home/issues/7648)
+    if ($CentralizedRestore) {
+        Write-Host
+        Write-Host "===== Centralized Restore =====" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+        Write-Host "Restoring all projects upfront to avoid NuGet parallel restore race conditions" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+        # Create artifacts package directories so projects that reference them as RestoreAdditionalProjectSources
+        # don't fail restore (e.g., InteropWebsite.csproj references ArtifactsShippingPackagesDir)
+        $packagesDir = "$RepoRoot\artifacts\packages\$Configuration"
+        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path "$packagesDir\Shipping" | Out-Null
+        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path "$packagesDir\NonShipping" | Out-Null
+
+        # Restore via the solution file with --disable-parallel to avoid NuGet internal race conditions
+        # NuGet's RestoreTask is not thread-safe when same project is restored in parallel
+        Write-Host "Restoring AspNetCore.slnx (sequential)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+        & dotnet restore "$RepoRoot\AspNetCore.slnx" --disable-parallel --verbosity $Verbosity
+        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+            Write-Error "Solution restore failed"
+            exit $LASTEXITCODE
+        }
+
+        # Generate files that other projects depend on (normally done AfterTargets="Restore" in Tools.props)
+        # Must be done BEFORE any other project evaluation since they import these generated files
+        Write-Host "Generating build files..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+        & dotnet restore "$RepoRoot\eng\tools\GenerateFiles\GenerateFiles.csproj" --verbosity $Verbosity
+        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+            Write-Error "GenerateFiles restore failed"
+            exit $LASTEXITCODE
+        }
+        & dotnet msbuild "$RepoRoot\eng\tools\GenerateFiles\GenerateFiles.csproj" /t:GenerateDirectoryBuildFiles /p:Configuration=$Configuration /verbosity:$Verbosity
+        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+            Write-Error "GenerateFiles build failed"
+            exit $LASTEXITCODE
+        }
+
+        # Note: Delayed build projects (RequiresDelayedBuild) are NOT restored here because they
+        # require the targeting pack to be built first.
+        # They will be restored later by BuildAfterTargetingPack.csproj with sequential restore.
+
+        Write-Host "===== Centralized Restore Complete =====" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+        Write-Host
+    }
+
     if (-not $NoBuildRepoTasks) {
         Write-Host
 
diff --git a/eng/targets/FunctionalTestWithAssets.targets b/eng/targets/FunctionalTestWithAssets.targets
index 99fbcbe78d0f..08de401b9731 100644
--- a/eng/targets/FunctionalTestWithAssets.targets
+++ b/eng/targets/FunctionalTestWithAssets.targets
@@ -37,8 +37,13 @@
     <!--
       These are separate invocations to ensure Publish sees restored setup. Platform and PlatformTarget removals
       are to fix builds inside VS.
+
+      When CentralizedRestore is true, skip restore here because test assets are already restored via the
+      solution file. This avoids NuGet race condition where parallel restore of the same project causes
+      "Cannot create a file when that file already exists" errors. See https://github.com/NuGet/Home/issues/7648
     -->
     <MSBuild Projects="@(_ProjectsToPublish->WithMetadataValue('SkipBuild', 'false'))"
+        Condition="'$(CentralizedRestore)' != 'true'"
         BuildInParallel="$(BuildInParallel)"
         Properties="MSBuildRestoreSessionId=$([System.Guid]::NewGuid())"
         RemoveProperties="Platform;PlatformTarget"
diff --git a/src/BuildAfterTargetingPack/BuildAfterTargetingPack.csproj b/src/BuildAfterTargetingPack/BuildAfterTargetingPack.csproj
index 49a8a3b6431e..4dd72ffaea1d 100644
--- a/src/BuildAfterTargetingPack/BuildAfterTargetingPack.csproj
+++ b/src/BuildAfterTargetingPack/BuildAfterTargetingPack.csproj
@@ -4,6 +4,13 @@
     <IsUnitTestProject Condition=" '$(SkipTestBuild)' == 'true' ">false</IsUnitTestProject>
     <IsUnitTestProject Condition=" '$(SkipTestBuild)' != 'true' ">true</IsUnitTestProject>
     <IsTestProject>$(IsUnitTestProject)</IsTestProject>
+    <!--
+      Use sequential restore when CentralizedRestore is enabled to avoid NuGet race condition where
+      parallel restore of the same project causes "Cannot create a file when that file already exists" errors.
+      See https://github.com/NuGet/Home/issues/7648
+    -->
+    <_RestoreInParallel Condition="'$(CentralizedRestore)' != 'true'">true</_RestoreInParallel>
+    <_RestoreInParallel Condition="'$(CentralizedRestore)' == 'true'">false</_RestoreInParallel>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <Import Project="Sdk.props" Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk" />
@@ -45,7 +52,7 @@
       Condition=" '$(DotNetBuildSourceOnly)' != 'true' AND ('$(TargetOsName)' == 'win' AND '$(TargetArchitecture)' == 'x64') "
       Returns="@(TargetPathWithTargetPlatformMoniker)">
     <MSBuild Projects="@(RequiresDelayedBuild)"
-        BuildInParallel="$(BuildInParallel)"
+        BuildInParallel="$(_RestoreInParallel)"
         Properties="MSBuildRestoreSessionId=$([System.Guid]::NewGuid())"
         Targets="Restore" />
     <MSBuild Projects="@(RequiresDelayedBuild)" BuildInParallel="$(BuildInParallel)" Targets="Build">