Add circuit breaker for telemetry + amend design plan to be similar to include more details on circuit breaker and config (#311)

### Changes : 

The changes in this PR : 
1. Add config params for telemetry similar to oss jdbc 
2. Add circuit breaker logic code (Note : this will be integrated at a
later point in time)
3. Keep the lowest level of logging for telemetry (to keep telemetry as
silent as possible)



The original design doc was changed to : 
1. Keep config names similar to the ones used in JDBC. 
2. Add more details to circuit breaker logic. (This will be useful from
a spec driven development perspective )

Author: samikshya-db

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 .vscode
 .idea
+.claude
 
 # Binaries for programs and plugins
 *.exe

.golangci.yml

@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@ linters:
   # - wsl
 
 linters-settings:
+  depguard:
+    rules:
+      main:
+        allow:
+          - $gostd
+          - github.com/databricks/databricks-sql-go
   gosec:
     exclude-generated: true
     severity: "low"