diff --git a/common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationAwareUTF8String.java b/common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationAwareUTF8String.java
index 056b202bc398..54d0d3fbcc3a 100644
--- a/common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationAwareUTF8String.java
+++ b/common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationAwareUTF8String.java
@@ -386,6 +386,24 @@ public static String lowerCaseCodePoints(final String target) {
     return sb.toString();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Convert the input string to titlecase using the ICU root locale rules.
+   */
+  public static UTF8String toTitleCase(final UTF8String target) {
+    return UTF8String.fromString(toTitleCase(target.toString()));
+  }
+
+  public static String toTitleCase(final String target) {
+    return UCharacter.toTitleCase(target, BreakIterator.getWordInstance());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert the input string to titlecase using the specified ICU collation rules.
+   */
+  public static UTF8String toTitleCase(final UTF8String target, final int collationId) {
+    return UTF8String.fromString(toTitleCase(target.toString(), collationId));
+  }
+
   public static String toTitleCase(final String target, final int collationId) {
     ULocale locale = CollationFactory.fetchCollation(collationId)
       .collator.getLocale(ULocale.ACTUAL_LOCALE);
diff --git a/common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationSupport.java b/common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationSupport.java
index d5bcc61bac2a..cc6528c28a29 100644
--- a/common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationSupport.java
+++ b/common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationSupport.java
@@ -260,8 +260,10 @@ public static UTF8String execICU(final UTF8String v, final int collationId) {
   public static class InitCap {
     public static UTF8String exec(final UTF8String v, final int collationId) {
       CollationFactory.Collation collation = CollationFactory.fetchCollation(collationId);
-      if (collation.supportsBinaryEquality || collation.supportsLowercaseEquality) {
-        return execUTF8(v);
+      if (collation.supportsBinaryEquality) {
+        return execBinary(v);
+      } else if (collation.supportsLowercaseEquality) {
+        return execLowercase(v);
       } else {
         return execICU(v, collationId);
       }
@@ -270,25 +272,22 @@ public static UTF8String exec(final UTF8String v, final int collationId) {
     public static String genCode(final String v, final int collationId) {
       CollationFactory.Collation collation = CollationFactory.fetchCollation(collationId);
       String expr = "CollationSupport.InitCap.exec";
-      if (collation.supportsBinaryEquality || collation.supportsLowercaseEquality) {
-        return String.format(expr + "UTF8(%s)", v);
+      if (collation.supportsBinaryEquality) {
+        return String.format(expr + "Binary(%s)", v);
+      } else if (collation.supportsLowercaseEquality) {
+        return String.format(expr + "Lowercase(%s)", v);
       } else {
         return String.format(expr + "ICU(%s, %d)", v, collationId);
       }
     }
-
-    public static UTF8String execUTF8(final UTF8String v) {
+    public static UTF8String execBinary(final UTF8String v) {
       return v.toLowerCase().toTitleCase();
     }
-
+    public static UTF8String execLowercase(final UTF8String v) {
+      return CollationAwareUTF8String.toTitleCase(v);
+    }
     public static UTF8String execICU(final UTF8String v, final int collationId) {
-      return UTF8String.fromString(
-              CollationAwareUTF8String.toTitleCase(
-                      CollationAwareUTF8String.toLowerCase(
-                              v.toString(),
-                              collationId
-                      ),
-                      collationId));
+      return CollationAwareUTF8String.toTitleCase(v, collationId);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/common/unsafe/src/test/java/org/apache/spark/unsafe/types/CollationSupportSuite.java b/common/unsafe/src/test/java/org/apache/spark/unsafe/types/CollationSupportSuite.java
index fefa5b52a0c2..86a25b6e7579 100644
--- a/common/unsafe/src/test/java/org/apache/spark/unsafe/types/CollationSupportSuite.java
+++ b/common/unsafe/src/test/java/org/apache/spark/unsafe/types/CollationSupportSuite.java
@@ -745,10 +745,48 @@ public void testInitCap() throws SparkException {
     assertInitCap("aB 世 de", "UNICODE_CI", "Ab 世 De");
     assertInitCap("ÄBĆΔE", "UNICODE_CI", "Äbćδe");
     // Case-variable character length
-    assertInitCap("İo", "UTF8_BINARY", "İo");
-    assertInitCap("İo", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE", "İo");
-    assertInitCap("İo", "UNICODE", "İo");
-    assertInitCap("İo", "UNICODE_CI", "İo");
+    assertInitCap("İo", "UTF8_BINARY", "I\u0307o");
+    assertInitCap("İo", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE", "İo");
+    assertInitCap("İo", "UNICODE", "İo");
+    assertInitCap("İo", "UNICODE_CI", "İo");
+    assertInitCap("i\u0307o", "UTF8_BINARY", "I\u0307o");
+    assertInitCap("i\u0307o", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE", "I\u0307o");
+    assertInitCap("i\u0307o", "UNICODE", "I\u0307o");
+    assertInitCap("i\u0307o", "UNICODE_CI", "I\u0307o");
+    // Different possible word boundaries
+    assertInitCap("a b c", "UTF8_BINARY", "A B C");
+    assertInitCap("a b c", "UNICODE", "A B C");
+    assertInitCap("a b c", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE", "A B C");
+    assertInitCap("a b c", "UNICODE_CI", "A B C");
+    assertInitCap("a.b,c", "UTF8_BINARY", "A.b,c");
+    assertInitCap("a.b,c", "UNICODE", "A.b,C");
+    assertInitCap("a.b,c", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE", "A.b,C");
+    assertInitCap("a.b,c", "UNICODE_CI", "A.b,C");
+    assertInitCap("a. b-c", "UTF8_BINARY", "A. B-c");
+    assertInitCap("a. b-c", "UNICODE", "A. B-C");
+    assertInitCap("a. b-c", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE", "A. B-C");
+    assertInitCap("a. b-c", "UNICODE_CI", "A. B-C");
+    assertInitCap("a?b世c", "UTF8_BINARY", "A?b世c");
+    assertInitCap("a?b世c", "UNICODE", "A?B世C");
+    assertInitCap("a?b世c", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE", "A?B世C");
+    assertInitCap("a?b世c", "UNICODE_CI", "A?B世C");
+    // Titlecase characters that are different from uppercase characters
+    assertInitCap("dzDZDz", "UTF8_BINARY", "Dzdzdz");
+    assertInitCap("dzDZDz", "UNICODE", "Dzdzdz");
+    assertInitCap("dzDZDz", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE", "Dzdzdz");
+    assertInitCap("dzDZDz", "UNICODE_CI", "Dzdzdz");
+    assertInitCap("džaba Ljubav NJegova", "UTF8_BINARY", "Džaba Ljubav Njegova");
+    assertInitCap("džaba Ljubav NJegova", "UNICODE", "Džaba Ljubav Njegova");
+    assertInitCap("džaba Ljubav NJegova", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE", "Džaba Ljubav Njegova");
+    assertInitCap("džaba Ljubav NJegova", "UNICODE_CI", "Džaba Ljubav Njegova");
+    assertInitCap("ß fi ffi ff st ΣΗΜΕΡΙΝΟΣ ΑΣΗΜΕΝΙΟΣ İOTA", "UTF8_BINARY",
+      "ß fi ffi ff st Σημερινος Ασημενιος I\u0307ota");
+    assertInitCap("ß fi ffi ff st ΣΗΜΕΡΙΝΟΣ ΑΣΗΜΕΝΙΟΣ İOTA", "UTF8_BINARY_LCASE",
+      "Ss Fi Ffi Ff St Σημερινος Ασημενιος İota");
+    assertInitCap("ß fi ffi ff st ΣΗΜΕΡΙΝΟΣ ΑΣΗΜΕΝΙΟΣ İOTA", "UNICODE",
+      "Ss Fi Ffi Ff St Σημερινος Ασημενιος İota");
+    assertInitCap("ß fi ffi ff st ΣΗΜΕΡΙΝΟΣ ΑΣΗΜΕΝΙΟΣ İOTA", "UNICODE_CI",
+      "Ss Fi Ffi Ff St Σημερινος Ασημενιος İota");
   }
 
   private void assertStringInstr(String string, String substring, String collationName,