[SPARK-17018][SQL] literals.sql for testing literal parsing

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This patch adds literals.sql for testing literal parsing end-to-end in SQL.

## How was this patch tested?
The patch itself is only about adding test cases.

Author: petermaxlee <petermaxlee@gmail.com>

Closes #14598 from petermaxlee/SPARK-17018-2.

(cherry picked from commit cf93678)
Signed-off-by: Reynold Xin <rxin@databricks.com>

Author: petermaxlee

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/inputs/literals.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+-- Literal parsing
+
+-- null
+select null, Null, nUll;
+
+-- boolean
+select true, tRue, false, fALse;
+
+-- byte (tinyint)
+select 1Y;
+select 127Y, -128Y;
+
+-- out of range byte
+select 128Y;
+
+-- short (smallint)
+select 1S;
+select 32767S, -32768S;
+
+-- out of range short
+select 32768S;
+
+-- long (bigint)
+select 1L, 2147483648L;
+select 9223372036854775807L, -9223372036854775808L;
+
+-- out of range long
+select 9223372036854775808L;
+
+-- integral parsing
+
+-- parse int
+select 1, -1;
+
+-- parse int max and min value as int
+select 2147483647, -2147483648;
+
+-- parse long max and min value as long
+select 9223372036854775807, -9223372036854775808;
+
+-- parse as decimals (Long.MaxValue + 1, and Long.MinValue - 1)
+select 9223372036854775808, -9223372036854775809;
+
+-- out of range decimal numbers
+select 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890;
+select 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890.0;
+
+-- double
+select 1D, 1.2D, 1e10, 1.5e5, .10D, 0.10D, .1e5, .9e+2, 0.9e+2, 900e-1, 9.e+1;
+select -1D, -1.2D, -1e10, -1.5e5, -.10D, -0.10D, -.1e5;
+-- negative double
+select .e3;
+-- inf and -inf
+select 1E309, -1E309;
+
+-- decimal parsing
+select 0.3, -0.8, .5, -.18, 0.1111, .1111;
+
+-- super large scientific notation numbers should still be valid doubles
+select 123456789012345678901234567890123456789e10, 123456789012345678901234567890123456789.1e10;
+
+-- string
+select "Hello Peter!", 'hello lee!';
+-- multi string
+select 'hello' 'world', 'hello' " " 'lee';
+-- single quote within double quotes
+select "hello 'peter'";
+select 'pattern%', 'no-pattern\%', 'pattern\\%', 'pattern\\\%';
+select '\'', '"', '\n', '\r', '\t', 'Z';
+-- "Hello!" in octals
+select '\110\145\154\154\157\041';
+-- "World :)" in unicode
+select '\u0057\u006F\u0072\u006C\u0064\u0020\u003A\u0029';
+
+-- date
+select dAte '2016-03-12';
+-- invalid date
+select date 'mar 11 2016';
+
+-- timestamp
+select tImEstAmp '2016-03-11 20:54:00.000';
+-- invalid timestamp
+select timestamp '2016-33-11 20:54:00.000';
+
+-- interval
+select interval 13.123456789 seconds, interval -13.123456789 second;
+select interval 1 year 2 month 3 week 4 day 5 hour 6 minute 7 seconds 8 millisecond, 9 microsecond;
+-- ns is not supported
+select interval 10 nanoseconds;
+
+-- unsupported data type
+select GEO '(10,-6)';