[SPARK-33278][SQL] Improve the performance for FIRST_VALUE

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
#29800 provides a performance improvement for `NTH_VALUE`.
`FIRST_VALUE` also could use the `UnboundedOffsetWindowFunctionFrame` and `UnboundedPrecedingOffsetWindowFunctionFrame`.

### Why are the changes needed?
Improve the performance for `FIRST_VALUE`.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
 'No'.

### How was this patch tested?
Jenkins test.

Closes #30178 from beliefer/SPARK-33278.

Lead-authored-by: gengjiaan <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: beliefer <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jiaan Geng <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <[email protected]>

Author: beliefer

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/Optimizer.scala

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ abstract class Optimizer(catalogManager: CatalogManager)
         // Operator combine
         CollapseRepartition,
         CollapseProject,
+        OptimizeWindowFunctions,
         CollapseWindow,
         CombineFilters,
         CombineLimits,
@@ -806,6 +807,18 @@ object CollapseRepartition extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Replaces first(col) to nth_value(col, 1) for better performance.
+ */
+object OptimizeWindowFunctions extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
+  def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = plan resolveExpressions {
+    case we @ WindowExpression(AggregateExpression(first: First, _, _, _, _), spec)
+      if spec.orderSpec.nonEmpty &&
+        spec.frameSpecification.asInstanceOf[SpecifiedWindowFrame].frameType == RowFrame =>
+      we.copy(windowFunction = NthValue(first.child, Literal(1), first.ignoreNulls))
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Collapse Adjacent Window Expression.
  * - If the partition specs and order specs are the same and the window expression are

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/OptimizeWindowFunctionsSuite.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.optimizer
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.dsl.expressions._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.dsl.plans._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.aggregate.First
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.PlanTest
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.{LocalRelation, LogicalPlan}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.RuleExecutor
+
+class OptimizeWindowFunctionsSuite extends PlanTest {
+  object Optimize extends RuleExecutor[LogicalPlan] {
+    val batches = Batch("OptimizeWindowFunctions", FixedPoint(10),
+        OptimizeWindowFunctions) :: Nil
+  }
+
+  val testRelation = LocalRelation('a.double, 'b.double, 'c.string)
+  val a = testRelation.output(0)
+  val b = testRelation.output(1)
+  val c = testRelation.output(2)
+
+  test("replace first(col) by nth_value(col, 1)") {
+    val inputPlan = testRelation.select(
+      WindowExpression(
+        First(a, false).toAggregateExpression(),
+        WindowSpecDefinition(b :: Nil, c.asc :: Nil,
+          SpecifiedWindowFrame(RowFrame, UnboundedPreceding, CurrentRow))))
+    val correctAnswer = testRelation.select(
+      WindowExpression(
+        NthValue(a, Literal(1), false),
+        WindowSpecDefinition(b :: Nil, c.asc :: Nil,
+          SpecifiedWindowFrame(RowFrame, UnboundedPreceding, CurrentRow))))
+
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(inputPlan)
+    assert(optimized == correctAnswer)
+  }
+
+  test("can't replace first(col) by nth_value(col, 1) if the window frame type is range") {
+    val inputPlan = testRelation.select(
+      WindowExpression(
+        First(a, false).toAggregateExpression(),
+        WindowSpecDefinition(b :: Nil, c.asc :: Nil,
+          SpecifiedWindowFrame(RangeFrame, UnboundedPreceding, CurrentRow))))
+
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(inputPlan)
+    assert(optimized == inputPlan)
+  }
+
+  test("can't replace first(col) by nth_value(col, 1) if the window frame isn't ordered") {
+    val inputPlan = testRelation.select(
+      WindowExpression(
+        First(a, false).toAggregateExpression(),
+        WindowSpecDefinition(b :: Nil, Nil,
+          SpecifiedWindowFrame(RowFrame, UnboundedPreceding, CurrentRow))))
+
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(inputPlan)
+    assert(optimized == inputPlan)
+  }
+}

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/inputs/window.sql

@@ -146,104 +146,108 @@ SELECT val, cate,
 count(val) FILTER (WHERE val > 1) OVER(PARTITION BY cate)
 FROM testData ORDER BY cate, val;
 
--- nth_value() over ()
+-- nth_value()/first_value() over ()
 SELECT
     employee_name,
     salary,
-    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) second_highest_salary
+    first_value(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
     basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY salary DESC)
 ORDER BY salary DESC;
 
 SELECT
     employee_name,
     salary,
-    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER (
-      ORDER BY salary DESC
-      RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) second_highest_salary
+    first_value(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
     basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY salary DESC RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
 ORDER BY salary DESC;
 
 SELECT
     employee_name,
     salary,
-    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER (
-      ORDER BY salary DESC
-      ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) second_highest_salary
+    first_value(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
     basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
 ORDER BY salary DESC;
 
 SELECT
     employee_name,
     salary,
-    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER (
-      ORDER BY salary
-      RANGE BETWEEN 2000 PRECEDING AND 1000 FOLLOWING) second_highest_salary
+    first_value(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
     basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY salary RANGE BETWEEN 2000 PRECEDING AND 1000 FOLLOWING)
 ORDER BY salary;
 
 SELECT
     employee_name,
     salary,
-    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER (
-      ORDER BY salary DESC
-      ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND 2 FOLLOWING) second_highest_salary
+    first_value(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
     basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND 2 FOLLOWING)
 ORDER BY salary DESC;
 
 SELECT
     employee_name,
     salary,
-    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER (
-      ORDER BY salary DESC
-      RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) second_highest_salary
+    first_value(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
     basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY salary DESC RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
 ORDER BY salary DESC;
 
 SELECT
     employee_name,
     salary,
-    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER (
-      ORDER BY salary DESC
-      RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) second_highest_salary
+    first_value(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
     basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY salary DESC RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
 ORDER BY salary DESC;
 
 SELECT
     employee_name,
     salary,
-    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER (
-      ORDER BY salary DESC
-      ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) second_highest_salary
+    first_value(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
     basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
 ORDER BY salary DESC;
 
 SELECT
     employee_name,
     salary,
-    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER (
-      ORDER BY salary DESC
-      ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) second_highest_salary
+    first_value(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+    nth_value(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
     basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING)
 ORDER BY salary DESC;
 
 SELECT
 	employee_name,
 	department,
 	salary,
-	NTH_VALUE(employee_name, 2) OVER  (
-		PARTITION BY department
-		ORDER BY salary DESC
-		RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
-	) second_highest_salary
+	FIRST_VALUE(employee_name) OVER w highest_salary,
+	NTH_VALUE(employee_name, 2) OVER w second_highest_salary
 FROM
 	basic_pays
+WINDOW w AS (
+  PARTITION BY department
+  ORDER BY salary DESC
+  RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+)
 ORDER BY department;