[SPARK-21610][SQL][FOLLOWUP] Corrupt records are not handled properly when creating a dataframe from a file

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

When the `requiredSchema` only contains `_corrupt_record`, the derived `actualSchema` is empty and the `_corrupt_record` are all null for all rows. This PR captures above situation and raise an exception with a reasonable workaround messag so that users can know what happened and how to fix the query.

## How was this patch tested?

Added unit test in `CSVSuite`.

Author: Jen-Ming Chung <jenmingisme@gmail.com>

Closes apache#19199 from jmchung/SPARK-21610-FOLLOWUP.

Author: jmchung

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/csv/CSVFileFormat.scala

@@ -109,6 +109,20 @@ class CSVFileFormat extends TextBasedFileFormat with DataSourceRegister {
       }
     }
 
+    if (requiredSchema.length == 1 &&
+      requiredSchema.head.name == parsedOptions.columnNameOfCorruptRecord) {
+      throw new AnalysisException(
+        "Since Spark 2.3, the queries from raw JSON/CSV files are disallowed when the\n" +
+          "referenced columns only include the internal corrupt record column\n" +
+          s"(named _corrupt_record by default). For example:\n" +
+          "spark.read.schema(schema).csv(file).filter($\"_corrupt_record\".isNotNull).count()\n" +
+          "and spark.read.schema(schema).csv(file).select(\"_corrupt_record\").show().\n" +
+          "Instead, you can cache or save the parsed results and then send the same query.\n" +
+          "For example, val df = spark.read.schema(schema).csv(file).cache() and then\n" +
+          "df.filter($\"_corrupt_record\".isNotNull).count()."
+      )
+    }
+
     (file: PartitionedFile) => {
       val conf = broadcastedHadoopConf.value.value
       val parser = new UnivocityParser(

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/json/JsonFileFormat.scala

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class JsonFileFormat extends TextBasedFileFormat with DataSourceRegister {
       throw new AnalysisException(
         "Since Spark 2.3, the queries from raw JSON/CSV files are disallowed when the\n" +
         "referenced columns only include the internal corrupt record column\n" +
-        s"(named ${parsedOptions.columnNameOfCorruptRecord} by default). For example:\n" +
+        s"(named _corrupt_record by default). For example:\n" +
         "spark.read.schema(schema).json(file).filter($\"_corrupt_record\".isNotNull).count()\n" +
         "and spark.read.schema(schema).json(file).select(\"_corrupt_record\").show().\n" +
         "Instead, you can cache or save the parsed results and then send the same query.\n" +

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/csv/CSVSuite.scala

@@ -1203,4 +1203,46 @@ class CSVSuite extends QueryTest with SharedSQLContext with SQLTestUtils {
       .csv(Seq("a").toDS())
     checkAnswer(df, Row("a", null, "a"))
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-21610: Corrupt records are not handled properly when creating a dataframe " +
+    "from a file") {
+    val columnNameOfCorruptRecord = "_corrupt_record"
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("a", IntegerType)
+      .add("b", TimestampType)
+      .add(columnNameOfCorruptRecord, StringType)
+    // negative cases
+    val msg = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+      spark
+        .read
+        .option("columnNameOfCorruptRecord", columnNameOfCorruptRecord)
+        .schema(schema)
+        .csv(testFile(valueMalformedFile))
+        .select(columnNameOfCorruptRecord)
+        .collect()
+    }.getMessage
+    assert(msg.contains("only include the internal corrupt record column"))
+    intercept[org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.errors.TreeNodeException[_]] {
+      spark
+        .read
+        .option("columnNameOfCorruptRecord", columnNameOfCorruptRecord)
+        .schema(schema)
+        .csv(testFile(valueMalformedFile))
+        .filter($"_corrupt_record".isNotNull)
+        .count()
+    }
+    // workaround
+    val df = spark
+      .read
+      .option("columnNameOfCorruptRecord", columnNameOfCorruptRecord)
+      .schema(schema)
+      .csv(testFile(valueMalformedFile))
+      .cache()
+    assert(df.filter($"_corrupt_record".isNotNull).count() == 1)
+    assert(df.filter($"_corrupt_record".isNull).count() == 1)
+    checkAnswer(
+      df.select(columnNameOfCorruptRecord),
+      Row("0,2013-111-11 12:13:14") :: Row(null) :: Nil
+    )
+  }
 }