boards,sys/arduino: major clean up

[maribu]

Contribution description

• Rename all arduino_pinmap.h to arduino_iomap.h
  • An empty arduino_pinmap.h that just includes arduino_iomap.h is provided for backward compatibility
  • Move all info from arduino_board.h into the new file as trivial macros, so that they can also be used outside of sketches
  • The new name reflects the fact not just pin mappings, but also other I/O features such as PWMs are mapped
• Drop all arduino_board.h
  • arduino_board.h and arduino_iomap.h now provide the exact same information, just in a different format
  • a generic arduino_board.h is provided instead that just uses the info in arduinio_iomap.h and provides them in the format the code in sys/arduino expects it
• Add fine grained features to indicate for mappings
  • availability of mappings for analog pins, DAC pins, PWM pins, UART devices, SPI/I2C buses to the corresponding RIOT identification can now be expressed:
    • arduino_pins: ARDUINO_PIN_0 etc. are available
    • arduino_analog: ARDUINO_A0 etc. are available
    • arduino_pwm: ARDUINO_PIN_13_PWM_DEV etc. are available
    • arduino_dac: ARDUINO_DAC0 etc. are available
    • arduino_uart: ARDUINO_UART_D0D1 or similar are available
    • arduino_spi: ARDUINO_SPI_ISP or similar are available
    • arduino_i2c: ARDUINO_I2C_UNO or similar are available
  • mechanical/electrical compatibility with specific form factors can now be expressed as features:
    • aruino_shield_nano: Arduino NANO compatible headers
    • aruino_shield_uno: Arduino UNO compatible headers
    • aruino_shield_mega: Arduino MEGA compatible headers
    • aruino_shield_isp: ISP header is available

This provides the groundwork to implement shield support as modules that can rely on the I/O mappings, rather than having to provide a configuration per board.

Testing procedure

CI + lots of code review ...

In the long term the peripheral self testing shield will allow automatic testing for some of the I/O mappings for Arduino UNO compatible boards. But this PR would be required first for any soft of meaningful shield support in RIOT first.

Issues/PRs references

None

[riot-ci]

Murdock results

✔️ PASSED

efb3a32 dist/tools/doccheck: update exclude patterns

Success	Failures	Total	Runtime
6930	0	6930	11m:00s

Artifacts

• Documentation preview

[gschorcht]

@maribu Was there any reason why the features arduino_i2c and arduino_spi were not added to boards/common/nucleo144 with this PR?

[maribu]

Just to avoid growing the PRs scope. But if seems I never came back to adding those later on 😅