Generalize AsymmetricUnifiedFocalLoss for multi-class and align interface

Signed-off-by: ytl0623 <[email protected]>

Author: ytl0623

monai/losses/unified_focal_loss.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 import warnings
 
 import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
 from torch.nn.modules.loss import _Loss
 
 from monai.networks import one_hot
@@ -23,49 +24,51 @@
 class AsymmetricFocalTverskyLoss(_Loss):
     """
     AsymmetricFocalTverskyLoss is a variant of FocalTverskyLoss, which attentions to the foreground class.
-
-    Actually, it's only supported for binary image segmentation now.
+    It treats the background class (index 0) differently from all foreground classes (indices 1...N).
 
     Reimplementation of the Asymmetric Focal Tversky Loss described in:
 
     - "Unified Focal Loss: Generalising Dice and Cross Entropy-based Losses to Handle Class Imbalanced Medical Image Segmentation",
-    Michael Yeung, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
+      Michael Yeung, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
     """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        to_onehot_y: bool = False,
+        include_background: bool = True,
         delta: float = 0.7,
         gamma: float = 0.75,
         epsilon: float = 1e-7,
         reduction: LossReduction | str = LossReduction.MEAN,
     ) -> None:
         """
         Args:
-            to_onehot_y: whether to convert `y` into the one-hot format. Defaults to False.
-            delta : weight of the background. Defaults to 0.7.
-            gamma : value of the exponent gamma in the definition of the Focal loss  . Defaults to 0.75.
-            epsilon : it defines a very small number each time. simmily smooth value. Defaults to 1e-7.
+            include_background: whether to include loss computation for the background class. Defaults to True.
+            delta : weight of the background. Defaults to 0.7. (Used to weigh FNs and FPs in Tversky index)
+            gamma : value of the exponent gamma in the definition of the Focal loss. Defaults to 0.75.
+            epsilon : it defines a very small number each time. similarly smooth value. Defaults to 1e-7.
+            reduction: specifies the reduction to apply to the output: "none", "mean", "sum".
         """
         super().__init__(reduction=LossReduction(reduction).value)
-        self.to_onehot_y = to_onehot_y
+        self.include_background = include_background
         self.delta = delta
         self.gamma = gamma
         self.epsilon = epsilon
 
     def forward(self, y_pred: torch.Tensor, y_true: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         n_pred_ch = y_pred.shape[1]
 
-        if self.to_onehot_y:
-            if n_pred_ch == 1:
-                warnings.warn("single channel prediction, `to_onehot_y=True` ignored.")
-            else:
-                y_true = one_hot(y_true, num_classes=n_pred_ch)
-
         if y_true.shape != y_pred.shape:
             raise ValueError(f"ground truth has different shape ({y_true.shape}) from input ({y_pred.shape})")
 
-        # clip the prediction to avoid NaN
+        # Exclude background if needed
+        if not self.include_background:
+            if n_pred_ch == 1:
+                warnings.warn("single channel prediction, `include_background=False` ignored.")
+            else:
+                y_pred = y_pred[:, 1:]
+                y_true = y_true[:, 1:]
+
+        # Clip predictions
         y_pred = torch.clamp(y_pred, self.epsilon, 1.0 - self.epsilon)
         axis = list(range(2, len(y_pred.shape)))
 
@@ -74,167 +77,220 @@ def forward(self, y_pred: torch.Tensor, y_true: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         fn = torch.sum(y_true * (1 - y_pred), dim=axis)
         fp = torch.sum((1 - y_true) * y_pred, dim=axis)
         dice_class = (tp + self.epsilon) / (tp + self.delta * fn + (1 - self.delta) * fp + self.epsilon)
-
-        # Calculate losses separately for each class, enhancing both classes
-        back_dice = 1 - dice_class[:, 0]
-        fore_dice = (1 - dice_class[:, 1]) * torch.pow(1 - dice_class[:, 1], -self.gamma)
-
-        # Average class scores
-        loss = torch.mean(torch.stack([back_dice, fore_dice], dim=-1))
-        return loss
+        # dice_class shape is (B, C)
+
+        n_classes = dice_class.shape[1]
+
+        if not self.include_background:
+            # All classes are foreground, apply foreground logic
+            loss = torch.pow(1.0 - dice_class, 1.0 - self.gamma)  # (B, C)
+        elif n_classes == 1:
+            # Single class, must be foreground (BG was excluded or not provided)
+            loss = torch.pow(1.0 - dice_class, 1.0 - self.gamma)  # (B, 1)
+        else:
+            # Asymmetric logic: class 0 is BG, others are FG
+            back_dice_loss = (1.0 - dice_class[:, 0]).unsqueeze(1)  # (B, 1)
+            fore_dice_loss = torch.pow(1.0 - dice_class[:, 1:], 1.0 - self.gamma)  # (B, C-1)
+            loss = torch.cat([back_dice_loss, fore_dice_loss], dim=1)  # (B, C)
+
+        # Apply reduction
+        if self.reduction == LossReduction.MEAN.value:
+            return torch.mean(loss)  # mean over batch and classes
+        if self.reduction == LossReduction.SUM.value:
+            return torch.sum(loss)  # sum over batch and classes
+        if self.reduction == LossReduction.NONE.value:
+            return loss  # returns (B, C) losses
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported reduction: {self.reduction}, available options are ["mean", "sum", "none"].')
 
 
 class AsymmetricFocalLoss(_Loss):
     """
-    AsymmetricFocalLoss is a variant of FocalTverskyLoss, which attentions to the foreground class.
-
-    Actually, it's only supported for binary image segmentation now.
+    AsymmetricFocalLoss is a variant of FocalLoss, which attentions to the foreground class.
+    It treats the background class (index 0) differently from all foreground classes (indices 1...N).
+    Background class (0): applies gamma exponent to (1-p)
+    Foreground classes (1..N): no gamma exponent
 
     Reimplementation of the Asymmetric Focal Loss described in:
 
     - "Unified Focal Loss: Generalising Dice and Cross Entropy-based Losses to Handle Class Imbalanced Medical Image Segmentation",
-    Michael Yeung, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
+      Michael Yeung, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
     """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        to_onehot_y: bool = False,
+        include_background: bool = True,
         delta: float = 0.7,
-        gamma: float = 2,
+        gamma: float = 2.0,
         epsilon: float = 1e-7,
         reduction: LossReduction | str = LossReduction.MEAN,
     ):
         """
         Args:
-            to_onehot_y : whether to convert `y` into the one-hot format. Defaults to False.
-            delta : weight of the background. Defaults to 0.7.
-            gamma : value of the exponent gamma in the definition of the Focal loss  . Defaults to 0.75.
-            epsilon : it defines a very small number each time. simmily smooth value. Defaults to 1e-7.
+            include_background: whether to include loss computation for the background class. Defaults to True.
+            delta : weight of the foreground. Defaults to 0.7. (1-delta is weight of background)
+            gamma : value of the exponent gamma in the definition of the Focal loss. Defaults to 2.0.
+            epsilon : it defines a very small number each time. similarly smooth value. Defaults to 1e-7.
+            reduction: specifies the reduction to apply to the output: "none", "mean", "sum".
         """
         super().__init__(reduction=LossReduction(reduction).value)
-        self.to_onehot_y = to_onehot_y
+        self.include_background = include_background
         self.delta = delta
         self.gamma = gamma
         self.epsilon = epsilon
 
     def forward(self, y_pred: torch.Tensor, y_true: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         n_pred_ch = y_pred.shape[1]
 
-        if self.to_onehot_y:
-            if n_pred_ch == 1:
-                warnings.warn("single channel prediction, `to_onehot_y=True` ignored.")
-            else:
-                y_true = one_hot(y_true, num_classes=n_pred_ch)
-
         if y_true.shape != y_pred.shape:
             raise ValueError(f"ground truth has different shape ({y_true.shape}) from input ({y_pred.shape})")
 
-        y_pred = torch.clamp(y_pred, self.epsilon, 1.0 - self.epsilon)
-        cross_entropy = -y_true * torch.log(y_pred)
-
-        back_ce = torch.pow(1 - y_pred[:, 0], self.gamma) * cross_entropy[:, 0]
-        back_ce = (1 - self.delta) * back_ce
-
-        fore_ce = cross_entropy[:, 1]
-        fore_ce = self.delta * fore_ce
+        # Exclude background if needed
+        if not self.include_background:
+            if n_pred_ch == 1:
+                warnings.warn("single channel prediction, `include_background=False` ignored.")
+            else:
+                y_pred = y_pred[:, 1:]
+                y_true = y_true[:, 1:]
 
-        loss = torch.mean(torch.sum(torch.stack([back_ce, fore_ce], dim=1), dim=1))
-        return loss
+        y_pred = torch.clamp(y_pred, self.epsilon, 1.0 - self.epsilon)
+        cross_entropy = -y_true * torch.log(y_pred)  # Shape (B, C, H, W, [D])
+
+        n_classes = y_pred.shape[1]
+
+        if not self.include_background:
+            # All classes are foreground, apply foreground logic
+            loss = self.delta * cross_entropy  # (B, C, H, W)
+        elif n_classes == 1:
+            # Single class, must be foreground
+            loss = self.delta * cross_entropy  # (B, 1, H, W)
+        else:
+            # Asymmetric logic: class 0 is BG, others are FG
+            # (B, H, W)
+            back_ce = (1.0 - self.delta) * torch.pow(1.0 - y_pred[:, 0], self.gamma) * cross_entropy[:, 0]
+            # (B, C-1, H, W)
+            fore_ce = self.delta * cross_entropy[:, 1:]
+            
+            loss = torch.cat([back_ce.unsqueeze(1), fore_ce], dim=1)  # (B, C, H, W)
+
+        # Apply reduction
+        if self.reduction == LossReduction.MEAN.value:
+            return torch.mean(loss)  # mean over batch, class, and spatial
+        if self.reduction == LossReduction.SUM.value:
+            return torch.sum(loss)
+        if self.reduction == LossReduction.NONE.value:
+            return loss  # returns (B, C, H, W)
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported reduction: {self.reduction}, available options are ["mean", "sum", "none"].')
 
 
 class AsymmetricUnifiedFocalLoss(_Loss):
     """
-    AsymmetricUnifiedFocalLoss is a variant of Focal Loss.
-
-    Actually, it's only supported for binary image segmentation now
+    AsymmetricUnifiedFocalLoss is a variant of Focal Loss, combining AsymmetricFocalLoss
+    and AsymmetricFocalTverskyLoss.
 
     Reimplementation of the Asymmetric Unified Focal Tversky Loss described in:
 
     - "Unified Focal Loss: Generalising Dice and Cross Entropy-based Losses to Handle Class Imbalanced Medical Image Segmentation",
-    Michael Yeung, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
+      Michael Yeung, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
     """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
+        include_background: bool = True,
         to_onehot_y: bool = False,
-        num_classes: int = 2,
-        weight: float = 0.5,
-        gamma: float = 0.5,
-        delta: float = 0.7,
+        sigmoid: bool = False,
+        softmax: bool = False,
+        lambda_focal: float = 0.5,
+        focal_loss_gamma: float = 2.0,
+        focal_loss_delta: float = 0.7,
+        tversky_loss_gamma: float = 0.75,
+        tversky_loss_delta: float = 0.7,
         reduction: LossReduction | str = LossReduction.MEAN,
     ):
         """
         Args:
+            include_background: whether to include loss computation for the background class. Defaults to True.
             to_onehot_y : whether to convert `y` into the one-hot format. Defaults to False.
-            num_classes : number of classes, it only supports 2 now. Defaults to 2.
-            delta : weight of the background. Defaults to 0.7.
-            gamma : value of the exponent gamma in the definition of the Focal loss. Defaults to 0.75.
-            epsilon : it defines a very small number each time. simmily smooth value. Defaults to 1e-7.
-            weight : weight for each loss function, if it's none it's 0.5. Defaults to None.
+            sigmoid: if True, apply a sigmoid activation to the input y_pred.
+            softmax: if True, apply a softmax activation to the input y_pred.
+            lambda_focal: the weight for AsymmetricFocalLoss (Cross-Entropy based).
+                The weight for AsymmetricFocalTverskyLoss will be (1 - lambda_focal). Defaults to 0.5.
+            focal_loss_gamma: gamma parameter for the AsymmetricFocalLoss component. Defaults to 2.0.
+            focal_loss_delta: delta parameter for the AsymmetricFocalLoss component. Defaults to 0.7.
+            tversky_loss_gamma: gamma parameter for the AsymmetricFocalTverskyLoss component. Defaults to 0.75.
+            tversky_loss_delta: delta parameter for the AsymmetricFocalTverskyLoss component. Defaults to 0.7.
+            reduction: specifies the reduction to apply to the output: "none", "mean", "sum".
 
         Example:
             >>> import torch
             >>> from monai.losses import AsymmetricUnifiedFocalLoss
-            >>> pred = torch.ones((1,1,32,32), dtype=torch.float32)
-            >>> grnd = torch.ones((1,1,32,32), dtype=torch.int64)
-            >>> fl = AsymmetricUnifiedFocalLoss(to_onehot_y=True)
+            >>> pred = torch.randn((1, 2, 32, 32), dtype=torch.float32)
+            >>> grnd = torch.randint(0, 2, (1, 1, 32, 32), dtype=torch.int64)
+            >>> fl = AsymmetricUnifiedFocalLoss(softmax=True, to_onehot_y=True)
             >>> fl(pred, grnd)
         """
         super().__init__(reduction=LossReduction(reduction).value)
+        self.include_background = include_background
         self.to_onehot_y = to_onehot_y
-        self.num_classes = num_classes
-        self.gamma = gamma
-        self.delta = delta
-        self.weight: float = weight
-        self.asy_focal_loss = AsymmetricFocalLoss(gamma=self.gamma, delta=self.delta)
-        self.asy_focal_tversky_loss = AsymmetricFocalTverskyLoss(gamma=self.gamma, delta=self.delta)
+        self.sigmoid = sigmoid
+        self.softmax = softmax
+        self.lambda_focal = lambda_focal
+
+        if sigmoid and softmax:
+            raise ValueError("Both sigmoid and softmax cannot be True.")
+
+        self.asy_focal_loss = AsymmetricFocalLoss(
+            include_background=self.include_background,
+            gamma=focal_loss_gamma,
+            delta=focal_loss_delta,
+            reduction=self.reduction,
+        )
+        self.asy_focal_tversky_loss = AsymmetricFocalTverskyLoss(
+            include_background=self.include_background,
+            gamma=tversky_loss_gamma,
+            delta=tversky_loss_delta,
+            reduction=self.reduction,
+        )
 
-    # TODO: Implement this  function to support multiple classes segmentation
     def forward(self, y_pred: torch.Tensor, y_true: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         """
         Args:
-            y_pred : the shape should be BNH[WD], where N is the number of classes.
-                It only supports binary segmentation.
-                The input should be the original logits since it will be transformed by
-                    a sigmoid in the forward function.
-            y_true : the shape should be BNH[WD], where N is the number of classes.
-                It only supports binary segmentation.
-
-        Raises:
-            ValueError: When input and target are different shape
-            ValueError: When len(y_pred.shape) != 4 and len(y_pred.shape) != 5
-            ValueError: When num_classes
-            ValueError: When the number of classes entered does not match the expected number
+            y_pred : the shape should be BNH[WD].
+            y_true : the shape should be BNH[WD] or B1H[WD].
         """
-        if y_pred.shape != y_true.shape:
-            raise ValueError(f"ground truth has different shape ({y_true.shape}) from input ({y_pred.shape})")
-
-        if len(y_pred.shape) != 4 and len(y_pred.shape) != 5:
-            raise ValueError(f"input shape must be 4 or 5, but got {y_pred.shape}")
-
-        if y_pred.shape[1] == 1:
-            y_pred = one_hot(y_pred, num_classes=self.num_classes)
-            y_true = one_hot(y_true, num_classes=self.num_classes)
+        n_pred_ch = y_pred.shape[1]
 
-        if torch.max(y_true) != self.num_classes - 1:
-            raise ValueError(f"Please make sure the number of classes is {self.num_classes-1}")
+        y_pred_act = y_pred
+        if self.sigmoid:
+            y_pred_act = torch.sigmoid(y_pred)
+        elif self.softmax:
+            if n_pred_ch == 1:
+                warnings.warn("single channel prediction, softmax=True ignored.")
+            else:
+                y_pred_act = torch.softmax(y_pred, dim=1)
 
-        n_pred_ch = y_pred.shape[1]
         if self.to_onehot_y:
-            if n_pred_ch == 1:
+            if n_pred_ch == 1 and not self.sigmoid:
                 warnings.warn("single channel prediction, `to_onehot_y=True` ignored.")
-            else:
+            elif n_pred_ch > 1 or self.sigmoid:
+                # Ensure y_true is (B, 1, H, W, [D]) for one-hot conversion
+                if y_true.shape[1] != 1:
+                    y_true = y_true.unsqueeze(1)
                 y_true = one_hot(y_true, num_classes=n_pred_ch)
+        
+        # Ensure y_true has the same shape as y_pred_act
+        if y_true.shape != y_pred_act.shape:
+             # This can happen if y_true is (B, H, W) and y_pred is (B, 1, H, W) after sigmoid
+            if y_true.shape[1] != y_pred_act.shape[1] and y_true.ndim == y_pred_act.ndim - 1:
+                y_true = y_true.unsqueeze(1) # Add channel dim
+            
+            if y_true.shape != y_pred_act.shape:
+                raise ValueError(f"ground truth has different shape ({y_true.shape}) from input ({y_pred_act.shape}) 
+                                 after activations/one-hot")
 
-        asy_focal_loss = self.asy_focal_loss(y_pred, y_true)
-        asy_focal_tversky_loss = self.asy_focal_tversky_loss(y_pred, y_true)
 
-        loss: torch.Tensor = self.weight * asy_focal_loss + (1 - self.weight) * asy_focal_tversky_loss
+        f_loss = self.asy_focal_loss(y_pred_act, y_true)
+        t_loss = self.asy_focal_tversky_loss(y_pred_act, y_true)
 
-        if self.reduction == LossReduction.SUM.value:
-            return torch.sum(loss)  # sum over the batch and channel dims
-        if self.reduction == LossReduction.NONE.value:
-            return loss  # returns [N, num_classes] losses
-        if self.reduction == LossReduction.MEAN.value:
-            return torch.mean(loss)
-        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported reduction: {self.reduction}, available options are ["mean", "sum", "none"].')
+        loss: torch.Tensor = self.lambda_focal * f_loss + (1 - self.lambda_focal) * t_loss
+
+        return loss