Remove Python 3.9 support

.github/workflows/docker-images.yaml

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ jobs:
           - "prefecthq/prefect"
           - "prefecthq/prefect-client"
         python-version:
-          - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
           - "3.12"

.github/workflows/integration-package-release.yaml

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
           cache: "pip"
           cache-dependency-path: "requirements*.txt"
 

.github/workflows/integration-package-tests.yaml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
       - name: Generate matrix
         id: set-matrix
         run: |

.github/workflows/prefect-aws-docker-images.yaml

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
           - "3.12"

.github/workflows/prefect-client.yaml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
         with:
           enable-cache: true
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
           cache-dependency-glob: "pyproject.toml"
           activate-environment: true
 

.github/workflows/python-package.yaml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
         with:
           enable-cache: true
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
           cache-dependency-glob: "pyproject.toml"
 
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v6

.github/workflows/python-tests.yaml

@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ jobs:
           - "postgres:14"
           - "sqlite"
         python-version:
-          - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
           - "3.12"
@@ -180,7 +179,6 @@ jobs:
         database:
           - "postgres:14"
         python-version:
-          - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
           - "3.12"

.github/workflows/static-analysis.yaml

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install uv and set the python version
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
         with:
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
           enable-cache: true
           cache-dependency-glob: "pyproject.toml"
 

.github/workflows/windows-tests.yaml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "3.9"
+          - "3.10"
           - "3.12"
           - "3.14"
 

AGENTS.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ prefect config view            # Inspect configuration
 
 ### Code Conventions
 
-- Python 3.9+ with modern typing (`list[int]`, `T | None`)
+- Python 3.10+ with modern typing (`list[int]`, `T | None`)
 - Private implementation details (`_private_method`)
 - No public API changes without approval
 - Use `uv` for dependency management, not `pip`

Dockerfile

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 # The version of Python in the final image
-ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.9
+ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.10
 # The base image to use for the final image; Prefect and its Python requirements will
 # be installed in this image. The default is the official Python slim image.
 # The following images are also available in this file:
 #   prefect-conda: Derivative of continuum/miniconda3 with a 'prefect' environment. Used for the 'conda' flavor.
 # Any image tag can be used, but it must have apt and pip.
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim
 # The version used to build the Python distributable.
-ARG BUILD_PYTHON_VERSION=3.9
+ARG BUILD_PYTHON_VERSION=3.10
 # THe version used to build the UI distributable.
 ARG NODE_VERSION=20.19.0
 # SQLite version to install (format: X.YY.Z becomes XYYZZOO in filename)

README.md

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Workflow activity is tracked and can be monitored with a self-hosted [Prefect se
 
 ## Getting started
 
-Prefect requires Python 3.9+. To [install the latest version of Prefect](https://docs.prefect.io/v3/get-started/install), run one of the following commands:
+Prefect requires Python 3.10+. To [install the latest version of Prefect](https://docs.prefect.io/v3/get-started/install), run one of the following commands:
 
 ```bash
 pip install -U prefect

client/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.9
+ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.10
 # SQLite version to install (format: X.YY.Z becomes XYYZZOO in filename)
 ARG SQLITE_VERSION=3.50.4
 ARG SQLITE_YEAR=2025

client/README.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ or other resource-constrained environments.
 
 ## Getting started
 
-`prefect-client` shares the same installation requirements as prefect. To install, make sure you are on Python 3.9 or
+`prefect-client` shares the same installation requirements as prefect. To install, make sure you are on Python 3.10 or
 later and run the following command:
 
 ```bash

client/pyproject.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ name = "prefect-client"
 dynamic = ["version"]
 description = "Workflow orchestration and management."
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9,<3.15"
+requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.15"
 license = { text = "Apache-2.0" }
 authors = [{ name = "Prefect Technologies, Inc.", email = "[email protected]" }]
 classifiers = [
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
     "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ dependencies = [
     "httpcore>=1.0.5,<2.0.0",
     "httpx[http2]>=0.23,!=0.23.2",
     "humanize>=4.9.0,<5.0.0",
-    "importlib_metadata>=4.4;python_version<'3.10'",
     "jsonpatch>=1.32,<2.0",
     "jsonschema>=4.18.0,<5.0.0",
     "opentelemetry-api>=1.27.0,<2.0.0",

docs/v3/advanced/daemonize-processes.mdx

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ that poll for scheduled flow runs, including how to:
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-* An environment with a linux operating system with [systemd](https://systemd.io/) and Python 3.9
+* An environment with a linux operating system with [systemd](https://systemd.io/) and Python 3.10
 or later.
 * A superuser account that can run `sudo` commands.
 * A Prefect Cloud account, or an instance of a Prefect server running on your network.

docs/v3/get-started/install.mdx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ icon: arrow-down-to-line
 
 import Installation from '/snippets/installation.mdx'
 
-Prefect is published as a Python package, which requires Python 3.9 or newer. We recommend installing Prefect in a Python virtual environment. 
+Prefect is published as a Python package, which requires Python 3.10 or newer. We recommend installing Prefect in a Python virtual environment. 
 
 <Installation />
 

old-sqlite.Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Build the Python distributable
-FROM python:3.9-slim AS python-builder
+FROM python:3.10-slim AS python-builder
 
 WORKDIR /opt/prefect
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ RUN uv build --sdist --wheel --out-dir dist && \
     mv "dist/prefect-"*".tar.gz" "dist/prefect.tar.gz"
 
 # Final image
-FROM python:3.9-slim
+FROM python:3.10-slim
 COPY --from=python-builder /bin/uv /bin/uv
 
 # Accept SQLite version as build argument

pyproject.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ name = "prefect"
 dynamic = ["version"]
 description = "Workflow orchestration and management."
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9,<3.15"
+requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.15"
 license = { text = "Apache-2.0" }
 authors = [{ name = "Prefect Technologies, Inc.", email = "[email protected]" }]
 classifiers = [
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
     "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ dependencies = [
     "httpcore>=1.0.5,<2.0.0",
     "httpx[http2]>=0.23,!=0.23.2",
     "humanize>=4.9.0,<5.0.0",
-    "importlib_metadata>=4.4;python_version<'3.10'",
     "jsonpatch>=1.32,<2.0",
     "jsonschema>=4.18.0,<5.0.0",
     "opentelemetry-api>=1.27.0,<2.0.0",
@@ -292,7 +290,7 @@ filterwarnings = [
 plugins = ["pydantic.mypy"]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
 follow_imports = "skip"
-python_version = "3.9"
+python_version = "3.10"
 
 [tool.coverage.run]
 branch = true

scripts/generate_integration_package_tests_matrix.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import sys
 
 PYTHON_VERSIONS = [
-    "3.9",
     "3.10",
     "3.11",
     "3.12",

src/integrations/prefect-aws/pyproject.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 name = "prefect-aws"
 description = "Prefect integrations for interacting with Amazon Web Services."
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "Apache License 2.0" }
 keywords = ["prefect"]
 authors = [{ name = "Prefect Technologies, Inc.", email = "[email protected]" }]
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
     "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",

src/integrations/prefect-azure/pyproject.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 name = "prefect-azure"
 description = "Prefect integrations with Microsoft Azure services"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "Apache License 2.0" }
 keywords = ["prefect"]
 authors = [{ name = "Prefect Technologies, Inc.", email = "[email protected]" }]
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ classifiers = [
   "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
   "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",

src/integrations/prefect-azure/tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
 
 import pytest
 from azure.core.exceptions import ResourceExistsError
 from azure.storage.blob.aio import ContainerClient
 from prefect_azure.credentials import AzureBlobStorageCredentials
 
-from prefect.testing.utilities import AsyncMock, prefect_test_harness
+from prefect.testing.utilities import prefect_test_harness
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)

src/integrations/prefect-azure/tests/test_aci_worker.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import datetime
 import uuid
 from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Union
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, Mock
 
 import dateutil.parser
 import prefect_azure.container_instance
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 from prefect.client.schemas import FlowRun
 from prefect.server.schemas.core import Flow
 from prefect.settings import get_current_settings
-from prefect.testing.utilities import AsyncMock
 from prefect.utilities.dockerutils import get_prefect_image_name
 
 

src/integrations/prefect-azure/tests/test_repository.py

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 import urllib.parse
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
 
 import pytest
 from prefect_azure.credentials import AzureDevopsCredentials
 from prefect_azure.repository import AzureDevopsRepository
 from pydantic import SecretStr
 
-from prefect.testing.utilities import AsyncMock
-
 
 class TestAzureDevopsRepository:
     def test_https_repo_without_credentials(self):

src/integrations/prefect-bitbucket/pyproject.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 name = "prefect-bitbucket"
 description = "Prefect integrations for working with Bitbucket repositories."
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "Apache License 2.0" }
 keywords = ["prefect"]
 authors = [{ name = "Prefect Technologies, Inc.", email = "[email protected]" }]
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ classifiers = [
   "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
   "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",

src/integrations/prefect-bitbucket/tests/test_repository.py

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from typing import Set, Tuple
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
 
 import pytest
 from pydantic import VERSION as PYDANTIC_VERSION
 
 from prefect.exceptions import InvalidRepositoryURLError
-from prefect.testing.utilities import AsyncMock
 
 if PYDANTIC_VERSION.startswith("2."):
     pass

src/integrations/prefect-dask/pyproject.toml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ dependencies = [
 dynamic = ["version"]
 description = "Prefect integrations with the Dask execution framework."
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "Apache License 2.0" }
 keywords = ["prefect"]
 authors = [{ name = "Prefect Technologies, Inc.", email = "[email protected]" }]
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ classifiers = [
   "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
   "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",

src/integrations/prefect-databricks/pyproject.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 name = "prefect-databricks"
 description = "Prefect integrations with Databricks"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "Apache License 2.0" }
 keywords = ["prefect"]
 authors = [{ name = "Prefect Technologies, Inc.", email = "[email protected]" }]
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ classifiers = [
   "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
   "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",

src/integrations/prefect-dbt/pyproject.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 name = "prefect-dbt"
 description = "Prefect integrations for working with dbt"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "Apache License 2.0" }
 keywords = ["prefect"]
 authors = [{ name = "Prefect Technologies, Inc.", email = "[email protected]" }]
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ classifiers = [
   "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
   "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",