apacheGH-34785: [C++][Parquet] Add bloom filter write support (apache#37400)

### Rationale for this change

Currently we allow reading bloom filter for specific column and row group. Now this patch allows writing bloom filters to Parquet files.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Allow writing bf:

* [x] Add WriterProperties config for writing bloom filter, including bf and (per-rowgroup) ndv estimation.
* [x] Add BloomFilterBuilder for parquet
* [x] From FileSerializer to ColumnWriter, adding bloomfilter
* [x] Ensure Bloom Filter info is written to the file
* [x] Testing logic for BloomFilterBuilder
* [x] Testing logic for BloomFilter and ColumnWriter
* [x] Testing whole roundtrip like `ParquetPageIndexRoundTripTest`

### Are these changes tested?

Yes

### Are there any user-facing changes?

User can create Bloom Filter in parquet with C++ api

* Closes: apache#34785
* GitHub Issue: apache#34785

Lead-authored-by: Gang Wu <ustcwg@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: mwish <maplewish117@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: mwish <anmmscs_maple@qq.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>

Author: mapleFU

cpp/src/parquet/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ set(PARQUET_SRCS
     arrow/writer.cc
     bloom_filter.cc
     bloom_filter_reader.cc
+    bloom_filter_writer.cc
     chunker_internal.cc
     column_reader.cc
     column_scanner.cc
@@ -373,7 +374,7 @@ set_source_files_properties(public_api_test.cc PROPERTIES SKIP_UNITY_BUILD_INCLU
 
 add_parquet_test(internals-test
                  SOURCES
-                 bloom_filter_reader_test.cc
+                 bloom_filter_reader_writer_test.cc
                  bloom_filter_test.cc
                  geospatial/statistics_test.cc
                  geospatial/util_internal_test.cc
@@ -409,6 +410,8 @@ add_parquet_test(arrow-reader-writer-test
                  arrow/arrow_statistics_test.cc
                  arrow/variant_test.cc)
 
+add_parquet_test(arrow-index-test SOURCES arrow/index_test.cc)
+
 add_parquet_test(arrow-internals-test SOURCES arrow/path_internal_test.cc
                  arrow/reconstruct_internal_test.cc)