staticdata: Don't discard inlineable code that may be needed to compile inference

See #58841 (comment).
We were accidentally discarding inferred code during staticdata preparation that
we would need immediately afterwards to satisfy inlining requests during code
generation for the system image. This was resulting in spurious extra compilation
at the first inference after sysimage reload. Additionally it was likely causing
various unnecessary dispatch slow paths in the generated inference code.

Author: Keno

src/staticdata.c

@@ -756,6 +756,15 @@ static void jl_queue_module_for_serialization(jl_serializer_state *s, jl_module_
     }
 }
 
+static int codeinst_may_be_runnable(jl_code_instance_t *ci, int incremental) {
+    size_t max_world = jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&ci->max_world);
+    if (max_world == ~(size_t)0)
+        return 1;
+    if (incremental)
+        return 0;
+    return jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&ci->min_world) <= jl_typeinf_world && jl_typeinf_world <= max_world;
+}
+
 // Anything that requires uniquing or fixing during deserialization needs to be "toplevel"
 // in serialization (i.e., have its own entry in `serialization_order`). Consequently,
 // objects that act as containers for other potentially-"problematic" objects must add such "children"
@@ -924,8 +933,8 @@ static void jl_insert_into_serialization_queue(jl_serializer_state *s, jl_value_
                 else if (def->source == NULL) {
                     // don't delete code from optimized opaque closures that can't be reconstructed (and builtins)
                 }
-                else if (jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&ci->max_world) != ~(size_t)0 || // delete all code that cannot run
-                    jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&ci->invoke) == jl_fptr_const_return) { // delete all code that just returns a constant
+                else if (!codeinst_may_be_runnable(ci, s->incremental) || // delete all code that cannot run
+                         jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&ci->invoke) == jl_fptr_const_return) { // delete all code that just returns a constant
                     discard = 1;
                 }
                 else if (native_functions && // don't delete any code if making a ji file

test/precompile.jl

@@ -2498,4 +2498,10 @@ let m = only(methods(Base.var"@big_str"))
     @test m.specializations === Core.svec() || !isdefined(m.specializations, :cache)
 end
 
+# Issue #58841 - make sure we don't accidentally throw away code for inference
+let io = IOBuffer()
+    run(pipeline(`$(Base.julia_cmd()) --trace-compile=stderr -e 'f() = sin(1.) == 0. ? 1 : 0; exit(f())'`, stderr=io))
+    @test isempty(String(take!(io)))
+end
+
 finish_precompile_test!()